Experimental data of the distillation of bio-oil from thermal cracking of methyl ester in castor oil

Abstract

This article presents the experimental data on distillation of bio-oil obtained from thermal cracking of a mixture of castor oil and its methyl esters. The interpretation of the data can be found in Menshhein et al. (2019) available on https://doi.org/10.1016/j.renene.2019.04.136. Experiments were carried out using a simple distillation apparatus and the products were quantified and qualified from Gas Chromatography – Flame Ionization Detector (GC-FID) with standards compounds. Data were presented in terms of distillation equipment and distillation curve values of volume and temperature of the crude bio-oil sample. Information about GC-FID methods and chromatograms of from standard heptaldehyde and methyl undecenoate and their analytical curve. Carbon number data of crude bio-oil sample was also showed.

Specifications table

Subject area	Thermal cracking (pyrolysis) of triglycerides
More specific subject area	Bio-oil distillation
Type of data	Figures and tables
How data was acquired	Experiments, physicochemical and chromatographic analysis (distiller: B/R Instrument, model M690, GC-FID: 7890B/Agilent and 2010/Shimadzu)
Data format	Raw and tabulated data collection
Experimental factors	Volumetric data from distillation curve of thermal cracking fraction and chromatographic data
Experimental features	Distillation cuts of bio-oil from thermal cracking of methyl ester in castor oil
Data source location	Blumenau/SC – Brazil, University of Blumenau – FURB Chemical Engineering Department
Data accessibility	Data is with this article
Related research article	Menshhein et al., Concentration of Renewable Products of Crude Bio-Oil from Thermal Cracking of the Methyl Esters in Castor Oil[1].

Value of the data •The data provides details from noncomplex distillation equipment and the distillation curve of the bio-oil from thermal cracking of methyl ester in castor oil, which will enable comparison of results; •This data provides a GC-FID chromatogram and data from crude bio-oil presenting the different carbon range of this sample; •Information regarding GC-FID chromatograms detailing the analytical curves of heptaldehyde and methyl undecenoate standards.

1. Data

Fig. 1 presented the distillation equipment design. Table 1 shows the distillation curve values of volume and temperature of the crude bio-oil sample. Table 2 presents the gas chromatography methods used in this work. In Fig. 2, Fig. 3 and Table 3 are the observed chromatograms of GC-FID from standard heptaldehyde and methyl undecenoate and their analytical curve as graphic and table, respectively. Fig. 4 illustrates the chromatogram of carbon number of crude bio-oil sample. Table 4 presents the carbon number data for the crude bio-oil sample.

Fig. 1.

Distillation equipment design: 1) distillation apparatus 2) pump and 3) thermostatic bath.

Table 1.

Distillation curve data of the crude bio-oil sample.

Temperature (°C)	Distilled volume (%)
120.4 ± 4.3	0
144.0 ± 6.0	5
207.5 ± 5.4	15
216.6 ± 1.7	20
219.7 ± 1.2	25
221.5 ± 1.2	30
225.4 ± 5.8	40
235.3 ± 1.4	45
275.5 ± 3.9	50
297.9 ± 1.9	55
307.9 ± 7.3	60
314.6 ± 3.5	65
327.5 ± 7.9	70
348.6 ± 3.2	75
367.6 ± 4.3	80
378.1 ± 5.6	84
398.2 ± 7.9	85
412.3 ± 6.2	86
424.9 ± 1.2	87
439.2 ± 6.5	88

Table 2.

Gas chromatography with flame ionization detector methods.

Description	Analyses		Column				Carrier gas				Oven Heating method					Injector/Detector T (°C)
GC-2010 Shimadzu	Carbon number		OV-5 capillary column (30 m × 0.25 mm x 0.25 μm)				Helium				Initially 150 °C (for 1 min), increasing to 280 °C at a ramp of 5 °C min−1. The T was kept at 280 °C for 23 min.					250/280
Standard	Heptaldehyde									Methyl undecenoate
Purity (%)	≥92									96
Supplier	Sigma-Aldrich									Sigma-Aldrich
7890B Agilent	Desired compounds		Stabilwax capillary column (30 m × 0.25 mm x 0.25 μm)				Helium				Initially 50 °C (for 3 min), increasing to 250 °C at a ramp of 5 °C min−1. The T was kept at 250 °C for 7 min.					250/300
Standard	C8	C9		C10	C11	C12		C13	C14			C15	C16	C17	C18		C19
Purity (%)	98.0	99.0		99.8	99.8	99.8		99.5	99.5			99.8	99.8	99.8	99.8		99.0
Supplier	S-Aa	Vb		Fc	F	F		F	F			F	F	F	F		S-A

^aS-A = Sigma-Aldrich.

^bV = Vetec.

^cF = Fluka.

Fig. 2.

Chromatograms of GC-FID from standard of (a) heptaldehyde and (b) methyl undecenoate with concentration of these compounds varying from 0.46 to 48%.

Fig. 3.

Analytical curve of heptaldehyde and methyl undecenoate, with R² of 0.9962 and 0.9967, respectively.

Table 3.

Data from analytical curve of heptaldehyde and methyl undecenoate.

Concentration (%)	Area (AU)
	Heptaldehyde	Methyl undecenoate
0.46	185.2	–
0.48	–	272.5
0.92	286.3	–
0.96	–	492.1
7.36	2651.9	–
7.68	–	3789.8
18.4	6584.1	–
19.2	–	9906.2
27.6	11476.4	–
28.8	–	15029
32.2	12825.6	–
33.6	–	16298.2
46.0	17647.2	–
48.0	–	22780.7

Fig. 4.

Carbon number chromatograms of crude bio-oil sample.

Table 4.

Carbon number range for the crude bio-oil sample.

Carbon Range	Crude bio-oil (%)
Below C9	14.79 ± 0.65
C9 to C10	41.16 ± 1.37
C10 to C11	5.31 ± 0.17
C11 to C12	3.87 ± 0.06
C12 to C13	2.07 ± 0.11
C13 to C14	2.16 ± 0.05
C14 to C15	12.65 ± 0.27
C15 to C16	1.09 ± 0.02
C16 to C17	1.50 ± 0.04
C17 to C18	3.65 ± 0.13
C18 to C19	0.79 ± 0.04
Above C19	11.13 ± 1.17

2. Experimental design, materials and methods

2.1. Materials

Experiments were carried out with bio-oil produced by Botton et al. [2] from thermal cracking of methyl ester in castor oil at 475–525 °C with residence time of 44–104 s.

2.2. Distillation curve

Experiments were performed in an automatic vacuum distiller as illustrated in Fig. 1 (B/R Instrument, model M690) [3], [4], based on the standards for petroleum characterization [5], [6]. The data obtained in this analysis is show in Table 1.

2.3. GC-FID analyses

All these analyses were performed in triplicate (Table 2). The desired compounds - heptaldehyde and methyl undecenoate - were analyzed by GC-FID using an Agilent GC-FID, model 7890B (Agilent Technologies, Inc., Wilmington, EUA) (Fig. 2, Fig. 3 and Table 3). The carbon number of bio-oil samples were analyzed using a Shimadzu GC-FID, according to Beims et al. [3] by n-alkane comparison (Fig. 4 and Table 4).

Conflict of interest

The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper.