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Unmodified extractions of spore and vegetative cell DNA from Mars analog soils. An estimated 1.6 × 104 spores (about 70 pg of DNA) of B. subtilis and equivalent vegetative cells of E. coli were deposited on 50 mg of Mars analog soil and processed following the standard extraction protocol. No detectable DNA was measured from any Mars analog soil extraction containing either spores or vegetative cells with the exception of the basalt and alkaline soils (standard error shown, n = 3).
