Table 3. Altered metabolites of HT-29 cells after Al exposure in the negative-ion mode.
| No. | Metabolites | M/Z | RT (min) | VIP value | P value | FC |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Tiglic aldehyde | 129.06 | 4.33 | 2.72 | 0.000 | 0.36 |
| 2 | L-Lactic acid | 135.03 | 0.71 | 1.20 | 0.006 | 0.36 |
| 3 | Arsenobetaine | 158.98 | 0.59 | 2.05 | 0.001 | 0.39 |
| 4 | 4-Pentenal | 129.06 | 3.89 | 2.05 | 0.001 | 0.39 |
| 5 | Hypothiocyanite | 148.95 | 0.57 | 1.22 | 0.001 | 0.42 |
| 6 | Ammonium peroxydisulfate | 226.97 | 0.61 | 1.26 | 0.001 | 0.43 |
| 7 | 8-oxo-dGDP | 442.01 | 1.04 | 1.70 | 0.003 | 0.43 |
| 8 | Succinic acid semialdehyde | 101.02 | 0.79 | 1.03 | 0.013 | 0.44 |
| 9 | ADP | 426.03 | 0.95 | 3.84 | 0.000 | 0.45 |
| 10 | Uridine diphosphate glucose | 565.05 | 0.82 | 1.34 | 0.027 | 0.49 |
| 11 | Uridine 5′-diphosphate | 403.00 | 0.88 | 2.05 | 0.000 | 0.50 |
| 12 | Deoxycytidine | 272.09 | 1.02 | 1.02 | 0.003 | 0.53 |
| 13 | dCDP | 386.02 | 0.75 | 1.28 | 0.005 | 0.54 |
| 14 | Glutathione | 306.08 | 1.02 | 7.14 | 0.002 | 0.55 |
| 15 | Phosphoribosyl-AMP | 540.05 | 1.03 | 1.63 | 0.000 | 0.55 |
| 16 | D-Fructose | 225.06 | 0.66 | 1.28 | 0.001 | 0.55 |
| 17 | Gluconasturtiin | 404.05 | 1.02 | 1.94 | 0.005 | 0.56 |
| 18 | UDP-N-acetyl-alpha-D-galactosamine | 606.08 | 0.82 | 4.73 | 0.008 | 0.56 |
| 19 | NAD | 709.11 | 1.04 | 1.04 | 0.019 | 0.57 |
| 20 | UDP-D-galacturonate | 579.03 | 0.88 | 4.51 | 0.000 | 0.58 |
| 21 | Oxidized glutathione | 611.15 | 1.03 | 4.50 | 0.010 | 0.58 |
| 22 | L-Thyronine | 254.08 | 2.92 | 1.06 | 0.008 | 0.58 |
| 23 | Pantothenic acid | 218.10 | 2.92 | 3.08 | 0.001 | 0.58 |
| 24 | FAD | 784.15 | 4.33 | 1.38 | 0.001 | 0.59 |
| 25 | 1,3,5-Trihydroxy-10-methylacridone | 256.06 | 0.72 | 2.19 | 0.019 | 0.59 |
| 26 | Citric acid | 191.02 | 1.04 | 5.57 | 0.002 | 0.59 |
| 27 | CDP | 448.02 | 0.76 | 1.22 | 0.009 | 0.59 |
| 28 | 4-O-alpha-D-Galactopyranuronosyl-D-galacturonic acid | 369.07 | 4.96 | 1.18 | 0.021 | 0.59 |
| 29 | LysoPE (0:0/18:0) | 480.31 | 11.90 | 1.18 | 0.013 | 0.61 |
| 30 | Ibudilast | 229.13 | 5.79 | 1.10 | 0.021 | 0.62 |
| 31 | L-Tryptophan | 203.08 | 4.08 | 1.08 | 0.001 | 0.63 |
| 32 | N-Succinyl-L,L-2,6-diaminopimelate | 289.10 | 4.95 | 3.07 | 0.027 | 0.63 |
| 33 | 5-Oxoprolinate | 128.04 | 0.85 | 2.03 | 0.003 | 0.63 |
| 34 | Alpha-D-Glucopyranoside | 179.06 | 0.68 | 1.22 | 0.001 | 0.64 |
| 35 | Succinic acid | 117.02 | 1.32 | 2.02 | 0.028 | 0.64 |
| 36 | Hydroxyhexamide | 307.11 | 5.79 | 3.56 | 0.019 | 0.64 |
| 37 | Penicilloic acid | 333.09 | 7.33 | 1.95 | 0.021 | 0.65 |
| 38 | 2-O-p-Coumaroylhydroxycitric acid | 353.05 | 5.94 | 1.96 | 0.012 | 0.66 |
| 39 | L-Phenylalanine | 164.07 | 2.18 | 1.48 | 0.010 | 0.66 |
| 40 | Edetic acid | 291.08 | 0.82 | 2.41 | 0.019 | 0.66 |
| 41 | 2-Aminomuconic acid | 313.07 | 0.78 | 1.03 | 0.038 | 0.67 |
| 42 | 2-Phenylacetamide | 180.07 | 1.17 | 1.33 | 0.006 | 0.67 |
Notes:
M/Z, mass/charge number of peaks in the mass spectra; RT, retention time of metabolites in chromatography; FC, fold change of metabolites after Al exposure. Differences between the control and Al-treated cells were analyzed by one-way analysis of variance, followed by the Tukey’s post hoc test. P < 0.05 was considered as significant. The changes in metabolite abundance are expressed as the ratio of the average content in the treatment and control groups (n = 6). A value < 1 indicates downregulation.