Table 3.
Paracrine factors of transplanting BMSCs for tissue repair
| Paracrine Factors | Animal Models | Outcomes | References |
|---|---|---|---|
| TGF-β, FGF-2, angiopoietin-2, VEGF-1 | Rat myocardial infarction model | Triggered angiogenic and migratory effects at the site of the infarct to promote myocardial healing and improve the cardiac function. | [1] |
| NGF, HGF, IL-10, IL1-RA | NOD/SCID mouse model | Contributed to the prevention of apoptosis, increasing cell proliferation in the damaged liver. | [86] |
| TGF-β1, VEGF | Mouse burn injury model | Assisted in burn wound healing. | [2] |
| IGF-1 | Mouse acute kidney injury model | Exerted beneficial effects on tubular cell repair in acute kidney injury. | [87] |
| Angiogenin, IL-8, MCP-1, and VEGF | Mouse hind limb ischemia model | Represented efficient biomarkers for predicting vascular regenerative efficacy of MSCs. | [4] |
| IGF-1, VEGF, EGF, and bFGF | Rat middle cerebral artery occlusion ischemia model | Induced functional improvement, reduced infarct volume, and showed neuroprotection in ischemic rats. | [88] |
| TGF-β | Rat stroke model | Suppressed immune propagation in the ischemic rat brain. | [89] |
| SDF-1, VEGF, HGF, and IL-6 | Rat skin wound model | Enhanced the activity of dermal fibroblasts and keratinocytes to promote re-epithelialization and angiogenesis and, consequently, promoted wound healing. | [5] |