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. 2019 Aug 3;8(8):824. doi: 10.3390/cells8080824

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© 2019 by the authors.

Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).

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Biomarkers of tissue remodeling detected in tissue culture supernatant. IL-1β affected only MMP-3 and -13, while the concentrations of MMP-1, -2, and -9 increased significantly in response to hyperacute serum treatment (A). The significance level was p < 0.05, where * means that the p-value was between 0.05 and 0.01, ** means that the p-value was between 0.01 and 0.001, and *** means that the p-value was lower than 0.001, n = 12. The correlations of cytokine changes are presented in heatmap tables. A very strong correlation was found between MMP-2 and MMP-13, while reverse strong correlations were found between aggrecan and MMP-1 and MMP-13 (B). Osteonectin was also significantly elevated in response to hyperacute serum treatment. Similar changes were observed in collagen type I alpha I secretion, while receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa-B ligand (RANKL) continuously decreased in response to the hyperacute serum treatment (C). The significance level was p < 0.05, where * means that the p-value was between 0.05 and 0.01, ** means that p-value was between 0.01 and 0.001, and *** means that the p-value was lower than 0.001, n = 12. The correlation of cytokine changes between osteonectin and collagen 1 alpha 1 (COL1A1) was very strong, while reverse strong correlations were found between osteonectin, COL1A1, and RANKL, n = 12 (D).

Biomarkers of tissue remodeling detected in tissue culture supernatant. IL-1β affected only MMP-3 and -13, while the concentrations of MMP-1, -2, and -9 increased significantly in response to hyperacute serum treatment (A). The significance level was p < 0.05, where * means that the p-value was between 0.05 and 0.01, ** means that the p-value was between 0.01 and 0.001, and *** means that the p-value was lower than 0.001, n = 12. The correlations of cytokine changes are presented in heatmap tables. A very strong correlation was found between MMP-2 and MMP-13, while reverse strong correlations were found between aggrecan and MMP-1 and MMP-13 (B). Osteonectin was also significantly elevated in response to hyperacute serum treatment. Similar changes were observed in collagen type I alpha I secretion, while receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa-B ligand (RANKL) continuously decreased in response to the hyperacute serum treatment (C). The significance level was p < 0.05, where * means that the p-value was between 0.05 and 0.01, ** means that p-value was between 0.01 and 0.001, and *** means that the p-value was lower than 0.001, n = 12. The correlation of cytokine changes between osteonectin and collagen 1 alpha 1 (COL1A1) was very strong, while reverse strong correlations were found between osteonectin, COL1A1, and RANKL, n = 12 (D).