Table 2. Risk of gastric cancer in all individuals exposed to PPIs, stratified by indication.

PPIs - proton pump inhibitors; NSAID - nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug; SIR - standardized incidence ratio; CI - confidence interval

Note: adapted from Brusselaers N, Wahlin K, Engstrand L, et al. [17]

Indications	Gastric cancer
	Cases (n)/total	SIR (95% CI)
All	2,219 / 797,067	3.38 (3.25-3.53)
Gastro-oesophageal reflux	557 / 201,868	3.04 (2.80-3.31)
Peptic ulcers	721 / 79,597	8.75 (8.12-9.41)
Gastroduodenitis	350 / 104,955	3.68 (3.31-4.09)
Dyspepsia	136 / 43,901	3.07 (2.58-3.63)
Helicobacter pylori	440 / 58,366	9.76 (8.87-10.71)
No Helicobacter pylori	1,779 / 781,955	2.91 (2.78-3.05)
NSAID exposure	347 / 256,598	1.82 (1.64-2.03)
Only NSAID exposure	93 / 118,987	1.41 (1.14-1.73)
Aspirin exposure	872 / 293,590	2.42 (2.26-2.60)
Only aspirin exposure	252 / 126,863	1.93 (1.70-2.18)