Abstract
Hematopoietic stem cells have a remarkable plastic capacity, which allows them to differentiate into various cells, such as immune cells, nervous cells, muscle cells, bone and cartilaginous cells. The aim of this study was to show the capacity of stem cells to differentiate into endothelial cells, in culture, after addition of endothelial cells growth suplement (ECGS). We also compared the behavior of these cells with that of endothelial cells obtained from human umbilical vein (HUVEC). CD34+ cells obtained by immunomagnetic separation from human umbilical cord and placental blood were used. After 12‐15 days of culture in a medium containing ECGS, the cells showed morphological changes characteristic to endothelial cells and immunocytochemical analysis revealed the presence of CD31 surface antigen and von Willebrand factor. The flow‐cytometric analysis of endothelial cells adhesion molecules (ECAM) showed that endothelial cells derived from CD34+ cells expressed CD54/ICAM‐1 9.65 ± 0.2% and CD106/VCAM 7.73±0.3%, values similar to those expressed by HUVECs. After TNF incubation, ECAM expression increased only in HUVECs. These data demonstrate that a fraction of circulating CD34+ cells may develop some endothelial cell characteristics when cultured with ECGS, but they are functionally different from HUVECs.
Keywords: hematopoietic stem cell, endothelial cell, cord blood, CD34+, cell differentiation
References
- 1. Krause D.S.. Plasticity of marrow‐derived stem cells,. Gene Therapy,. 9: 754–758, 2002. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- 2. Verfaillie C.M., Pera M.F., Lansdorp P.M., Stem cells: hype and reality, Hematology, 369–386, 2002. [DOI] [PubMed]
- 3. Brazelton T.R., Rossi F.M., Keshet G. et al. from marrow to brain: expression of neuronal phenotypes in adult mice, Science, 290: 1775–1779, 2000. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- 4. Horwitz E.M., Prockop D.J., Fitzpatrick L.A. et al. Transplant‐ability and therapeutic effects of bone marrow derived mesenchymal cells in children with osteogenesis imperfecta, Nat. Med., 5: 309–313, 1999. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- 5. Ferrari G., Cusella‐de Angelis G., Coletta M. et al. Muscle regeneration by bone marrow‐derived myogenic progenitors, Science, 279: 1528–1530, 1998. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- 6. Orlic D., Kajstura J., Chimenti S. et al., Bone marrow cells regenerate infarcted myocardium, Nature 410: 701–705, 2001. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- 7. Theise N.D., Nimmakayalu M., Gardner R. et al. Liver from bone marrow in humans, Hepatology, 32: 11–16, 2000. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- 8. Sharp J.G., Kessinger A., Lynch J.C et al., Blood stem cell transplantation:factors influencing cellular immunological reconstitution, J. Hematother. Stem Cell Res. 9: 971–981, 2000. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- 9. Laughlin M.J. Umbilical cord blood for allogeneic transplantation in children and adults, Bone Marrow Transplant, 27: 1–6, 2001. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- 10. Kim D.K., Fujiki Y., Fukushima T. et al., Comparison of hematopoietic activities of human bone marrow and umbilical cord blood CD34 positive and negative cells, Stem Cells 17: 286–294, 1999. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- 11. Marin V., Kaplanski G., Grès S. et al., Endothelial cell culture: protocol to obtain and cultivate, J. Immunol. Met. 254: 183–190, 2001. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- 12. Kawamoto A., Gwon H.C., Iwaguro H. et al., Therapeutic potential of ex vivo expanded endothelial progenitor cells for myocardial ischemia, Circulation 103: 634–637, 2001. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- 13. Levenberg S., Golub J.S., Amit M. et al., Endothelial cells derived from human embryonic stem cells, PNAS 99: 4391–4396, 2002. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- 14. Asahara T., Murohara T., Sullivan A. et al. Isolation of Putative Progenitor Endothelial cells for angiogenesis, Science, 275: 964–967, 1997. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- 15. Rehman J., Li J., Orschell C.M. et al., Peripheral blood “endothelial progenitor cells” are derived from monocyte/macrophages and secrete angiogenic growth factors. Circulation, 107: 1164, 2003. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- 16. Takahashi T., Kalka C., Masuda H. et al., Ischemia‐and cytokine‐induced mobilization of bone marrow derived endothelial progenitor cells for neovascularization, Nat. Med. 5: 434–438, 1999. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- 17. Ikpeazu C., Davidson M.K., Halteman D. et al., Donor origin of circulating endothelial progenitors after allogeneic bone marrow transplantation, BB& MT 6: 301–308, 2000. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- 18. Hess D.C., Hill W.D., Martin‐Studdard A. et al., Bone marrow as a source of endothelial cells and NeuN‐expressing cells after stroke, Stroke 33: 1362–1369, 2002. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]