FIG 2.

Sirtuin inhibitors, but not other HDAC inhibitors, are antiviral against diverse arboviruses. U2OS cells (A, C, and E) or HBMECs (B, D, and F) were infected with the indicated virus (MOI of 0.5 [ZIKV MOI of 2.5], 24 h). At 2.5 hpi, vehicle control or (A and B) 20 mM NaPB or (C and D) 200 nM panobinostat or (E and F) 200 μM sirtinol was added. Total cellular RNA was collected and analyzed by RT-qPCR. Data represent means ± SEM. n = 3; *, P < 0.05; **, P < 0.01; ***, P < 0.001; ****, P < 0.0001 (Student's t test). (G and H) U2OS cells were infected with (G) WNV-Kunjin or (H) RVFV-MP12 (MOI of 0.5, 24 hpi) for 2.5 h prior to addition of sirtinol at the indicated concentration. Percent infection was quantified by automated microscopy; means ± SEM of results from two experiments are shown. (I) TCID₅₀ analysis of WNV-K and RVFV MP12 in U2OS cells was performed with the indicated compound added at 2.5 hpi. Data represent means ± SEM. n = 3; n.s., not significant; **, P < 0.01 (Student's t test).