Table 1.
Study population characteristics stratified by APOL1 risk allele status
| APOL1 risk alleles | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Baseline clinical characteristics | 0 | 1 | 2 | P* |
| N | 12510 (40%) | 14452 (47%) | 3941 (13%) | - |
| VA Clinical Encounters in baseline period, mean (sd) | 34 (46) | 33 (44) | 34 (47) | 0.73 |
| Follow up time, years, mean (sd) | 12 (0.7) | 12 (0.7) | 12 (0.8) | 0.93 |
| Age, n (%) | 52 (10) | 52 (10) | 52 (10) | 0.09 |
| Male, n (%) | 11096 (89%) | 12823 (89%) | 3477 (88%) | 0.13 |
| Diabetes, n (%) | 3078 (25%) | 3657 (25%) | 1011 (26%) | 0.07 |
| Hypertension, n (%) | 7577 (61%) | 8820 (61%) | 2475 (63%) | 0.004 |
| Tobacco use, n (%) | 9595 (77%) | 11105 (77%) | 2993 (76%) | 0.05 |
| Aspirin, n (%) | 1620 (13%) | 1810 (13%) | 472 (12%) | 0.04 |
| Statin, n (%) | 2934 (24%) | 3478 (24%) | 965 (25%) | 0.07 |
| Anti-hypertensive medication, n (%) | 6112 (49%) | 7249 (50%) | 2029 (52%) | 0.006 |
| Systolic BP mmHg, mean (sd) | 134 (17) | 134 (18) | 134 (17) | 0.64 |
| Diastolic BP mmHg, mean (sd) | 79 (11) | 79 (11) | 79 (11) | 0.06 |
| Body mass index, mean (sd) | 30 (6) | 30 (6) | 31 (6) | 0.03 |
| LDL-C mg/dL, mean (sd) | 112 (36) | 113 (37) | 113 (36) | 0.39 |
| HDL-C mg/dL, mean (sd) | 48 (16) | 48 (16) | 48 (15) | 0.84 |
| Triglyceride-C mg/dL, mean (sd) | 137 (125) | 137 (134) | 141 (139) | 0.02 |
| eGFR mL/min/1.73 m2, mean (sd) | 90 (21) | 90 (21) | 86 (24) | <0.001 |
| Prevalent Disease | ||||
| Prevalent CAD, n (%) | 1380 (11%) | 1640 (11%) | 461 (12%) | 0.07 |
| Prevalent Stroke, n (%) | 358 (3%) | 388 (3%) | 116 (3%) | 0.14 |
| Prevalent PAD, n (%) | 451 (4%) | 520 (4%) | 145 (4%) | 0.10 |
| Prevalent CKD, n (%) | 441 (4%) | 582 (4%) | 266 (7%) | <0.001 |
| Prevalent ESRD, n (%) | 44 (0%) | 53 (0%) | 88 (2%) | <0.001 |
| Incident Disease | ||||
| Follow up time, years, mean (sd) | 12 (0.7) | 12 (0.7) | 12 (0.8) | 0.93 |
| Incident CAD, n (%) | 1806 (14%) | 2155 (15%) | 604 (15%) | 0.06 |
| Incident Stroke, n (%) | 908 (7%) | 1075 (7%) | 319 (8%) | 0.01 |
| Incident PAD, n (%) | 1026 (8%) | 1216 (8%) | 364 (9%) | 0.02 |
| Incident CKD, n (%) | 4376 (35%) | 5167 (36%) | 1640 (42%) | <0.001 |
| Incident ESRD, n (%) | 388 (3%) | 518 (4%) | 347 (9%) | <0.001 |
*
P for comparison of 2 APOL1 risk alleles compared to 0 or 1 APOL1 risk alleles by Fisher exact test for proportions and Wilcoxon test for continuous variables. sd, standard deviation; BP, blood pressure; LDL-C, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol; HDL-C, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol; eGFR, estimated glomerular filtration rate; CAD, coronary artery disease; PAD, peripheral artery disease; CKD, chronic kidney disease; ESRD, end-stage renal disease