| 3DXA | 3-deoxyanthocyanidin |
| BSE | black sorghum extract |
| CD | cluster differentiation |
| eNOS | endothelial nitric oxide synthase |
| HO 1 | heme oxygenase |
| HUVECs | human umbilical vein endothelial cells |
| H2O2 | hydrogen peroxide |
| ICAM 1 | intercellular adhesion molecule |
| MCP) 1 | monocyte chemoattractant protein |
| NOX) 4 | NADPH oxidase |
| NQO 1 | NAD(P)H:quinone oxidoreductase |
| Nrf2 | nuclear factor erythroid 2–related factor 2 |
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