Table 5.
Overall adjusted a odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) for developing cutaneous malignant melanoma associated to 10-g increments of daily intake (residual of regression on energy) according to adherence to the Mediterranean diet.
| Cases/Controls (n) | Greek Mediterranean Index = 0–4 | Greek Mediterranean Index = 5–9 | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 201/352 | 179/367 | |||
| OR | (95% CI) | OR | (95% CI) | |
| Cereals and cereal products | 1.04 | (0.99–1.08) | 1.00 | (0.95–1.06) |
| Pasta, other grain | 1.04 | (0.97–1.13) | 0.98 | (0.91–1.06) |
| Rice | 1.55 | (1.04–2.31) | 0.79 | (0.54–1.15) |
| Bread | 1.01 | (0.96–1.06) | 1.01 | (0.95–1.07) |
| Crackers, crispbread, salty snacks | 1.05 | (0.87–1.27) | 1.08 | (0.90–1.28) |
| Meat and meat products | 1.07 | (1.01–1.13) | 1.00 | (0.95–1.05) |
| Red meat | 1.09 | (1.01–1.17) | 0.95 | (0.88–1.02) |
| White meat | 1.10 | (0.99–1.21) | 0.99 | (0.89–1.10) |
| Processed meat | 0.91 | (0.80–1.03) | 1.20 | (1.04–1.37) |
| Offal b | 1.02 | (0.97–1.06) | 0.97 | (0.90–1.05) |
| Milk and dairy products | 1.00 | (0.99–1.01) | 0.98 | (0.96–1.00) |
| Milk | 1.00 | (0.99–1.02) | 0.99 | (0.96–1.01) |
| Yogurt | 1.00 | (0.97–1.03) | 0.97 | (0.93–1.01) |
| Cheeses (including fresh cheeses) | 1.04 | (0.96–1.14) | 1.00 | (0.89–1.12) |
| Eggs b | 0.98 | (0.95–1.01) | 0.99 | (0.96–1.01) |
| Fish and seafood | 0.91 | (0.76–1.09) | 1.05 | (0.92–1.19) |
| Fish | 0.92 | (0.74–1.13) | 1.08 | (0.92–1.27) |
| Crustaceans and molluscs b | 0.99 | (0.95–1.02) | 1.00 | (0.97–1.02) |
| Vegetables | 0.97 | (0.93–1.01) | 0.99 | (0.95–1.03) |
| Leafy vegetables | 0.97 | (0.85–1.10) | 1.06 | (0.95–1.18) |
| Other vegetables | 1.06 | (0.86–1.31) | 0.85 | (0.73–1.00) |
| Tomatoes | 0.93 | (0.87–0.99) | 0.99 | (0.94–1.05) |
| Root vegetables b | 1.00 | (0.98–1.02) | 1.00 | (0.99–1.01) |
| Cabbages b | 1.03 | (0.98–1.09) | 1.03 | (0.99–1.06) |
| Mushrooms b | 1.14 | (1.03–1.25) | 0.96 | (0.89–1.03) |
| Onion and garlic | 0.98 | (0.81–1.19) | 0.93 | (0.82–1.04) |
| Legumes | 0.99 | (0.82–1.20) | 0.84 | (0.70–1.01) |
| Potatoes | 0.89 | (0.78–1.02) | 1.03 | (0.92–1.14) |
| Fresh fruit | 1.01 | (0.98–1.03) | 1.01 | (0.99–1.03) |
| Citrus fruits | 1.06 | (0.99–1.14) | 1.03 | (0.97–1.09) |
| All other fruits | 1.00 | (0.97–1.03) | 1.00 | (0.98–1.03) |
| Dried fruit, nuts and seeds b | 1.03 | (0.94–1.14) | 1.00 | (0.95–1.04) |
| Sweets | 0.99 | (0.95–1.04) | 1.00 | (0.96–1.05) |
| Chocolate, candy bars, etc. | 0.90 | (0.67–1.23) | 1.24 | (0.89–1.72) |
| Sugar, honey, jam, confectionery | 1.13 | (0.97–1.31) | 0.95 | (0.87–1.05) |
| Ice-cream | 0.96 | (0.81–1.14) | 1.07 | (0.88–1.31) |
| Cakes, pies and pastries | 0.98 | (0.92–1.05) | 1.02 | (0.96–1.09) |
| Biscuits, dry cakes | 0.96 | (0.84–1.10) | 1.00 | (0.86–1.17) |
| Oils and fats | 0.88 | (0.63–1.25) | 0.91 | (0.68–1.22) |
| Vegetable fats and non-olive oils b | 1.01 | (0.97–1.06) | 1.00 | (0.96–1.04) |
| Olive oil | 0.77 | (0.56–1.07) | 0.97 | (0.75–1.25) |
| Butter and other animal fats b | 1.06 | (0.98–1.15) | 0.97 | (0.88–1.07) |
| Coffee | 1.01 | (0.98–1.03) | 0.99 | (0.96–1.02) |
| Tea | 0.99 | (0.96–1.01) | 0.99 | (0.97–1.01) |
| Red wine | 0.98 | (0.96–1.01) | 0.99 | (0.97–1.02) |
| White wine | 0.99 | (0.96–1.02) | 1.03 | (1.00–1.07) |
| Aperitif wines and beers | 0.98 | (0.96–1.01) | 1.01 | (0.98–1.05) |
| Spirits and liqueurs b | 0.99 | (0.96–1.02) | 1.00 | (0.97–1.02) |
| Fruit juices | 1.01 | (0.98–1.05) | 0.99 | (0.96–1.02) |
| Soft drinks | 1.00 | (0.98–1.01) | 0.99 | (0.94–1.03) |
a Adjusted for phototype, sunburn history, education, body mass index, no-alcohol energy, vitamin C and vitamin D intake, Greek Mediterranean index and glycemic index, b 1-g increments of daily intake.