Table 3.

Associations between breast milk PUFA levels and anthropometric measurements in infants.

Fatty Acid	BMIZ				WAZ				LAZ
	Colostrum		Mature Milk		Colostrum		Mature Milk		Colostrum		Mature Milk
	6mo n = 37		6mo n = 39		6mo n = 37		6mo n = 39		6mo n = 38		6mo n = 39
	18mo n = 38		18mo n = 37		18mo n = 38		18mo n = 38		18mo n = 38		18mo n = 38
	36mo n = 16		36mo n = 13		36mo n = 16		36mo n = 13		36mo n = 18		36mo n = 14
	β	p	β	p	β	p	β	p	β	p	β	p
C18:3n3 (ALA)
6mo	−0.11	0.63	−0.15	0.40	−0.06	0.77	−0.22	0.24	0.05	0.80	−0.12	0.49
18mo	0.32	0.13	−0.11	0.57	0.11	0.63	−0.13	0.51	−0.20	0.26	−0.06	0.69
36mo	−0.44	0.21	0.01	0.99	−0.27	0.52	0.06	0.95	−0.17	0.63	−0.86	0.22
C18:2n6 (LA)
6mo	0.33	0.12	−0.13	0.43	0.42	0.027	0.16	0.36	0.15	0.40	0.09	0.60
18mo	−0.19	0.34	0.04	0.85	0.18	0.37	0.05	0.79	0.06	0.73	0.17	0.26
36mo	0.12	0.75	−0.22	0.50	0.02	0.96	−0.136	0.75	0.01	0.98	−0.33	0.41
C20:4n6 (AA)
6mo	−0.44	0.016	0.02	0.91	−0.20	0.26	0.04	0.84	0.25	0.13	0.03	0.86
18mo	−0.03	0.89	−0.12	0.57	0.06	0.77	−0.13	0.52	0.10	0.50	0.15	0.39
36mo	0.30	0.30	0.09	0.81	0.42	0.20	0.07	0.86	0.20	0.48	0.12	0.75
C20:5n3 (EPA)
6mo	−0.51	0.012	0.00	0.99	−0.36	0.07	−0.13	0.49	0.18	0.31	−0.18	0.29
18mo	−0.30	0.12	0.00	0.98	−0.13	0.51	0.08	0.66	0.15	0.35	0.09	0.62
36mo	−0.74	0.155	−1.08	0.30	−0.58	0.34	−1.13	0.28	0.14	0.69	−0.59	0.61
C22:6n3 (DHA)
6mo	−0.37	0.043	−0.16	0.38	−0.31	0.07	−0.29	0.10	0.00	0.99	−0.23	0.17
18mo	0.14	0.42	0.03	0.88	0.08	0.66	0.00	0.99	−0.05	0.74	−0.03	0.84
36mo	0.42	0.29	0.33	0.46	0.65	0.13	0.38	0.39	0.46	0.22	0.58	0.14
n6 PUFA
6mo	0.21	0.32	0.13	0.45	0.34	0.07	0.16	0.35	0.20	0.27	0.10	0.55
18mo	0.16	0.41	−0.06	0.776	0.18	0.40	0.04	0.83	0.08	0.65	0.18	0.23
36mo	0.20	0.587	−0.19	0.64	0.15	0.72	−0.11	0.79	0.07	0.84	−0.31	0.44
n3 PUFA
6mo	−0.38	0.047	−0.19	0.27	−0.33	0.07	−0.32	0.07	−0.00	0.991	−0.22	0.18
18mo	0.16	0.38	−0.11	0.56	0.04	0.84	−0.11	0.53	−0.12	0.427	−0.05	0.75
36mo	−0.20	0.60	0.17	0.78	0.05	0.90	0.21	0.74	0.05	0.897	−0.18	0.77
n6 LC−PUFA
6mo	−0.38	0.047	−0.06	0.77	−0.17	0.36	0.00	0.98	0.19	0.253	0.09	0.65
18mo	−0.05	0.77	−0.27	0.19	0.03	0.88	−0.17	0.41	0.10	0.508	0.19	0.25
36mo	0.40	0.22	0.11	0.78	0.60	0.09	0.12	0.76	0.25	0.390	−0.03	0.95
n3 LC−PUFA
6mo	−0.43	0.020	−0.19	0.28	−0.34	0.05	−0.33	0.06	0.03	0.866	−0.24	0.16
18mo	0.07	0.70	−0.04	0.82	0.05	0.78	−0.02	0.90	−0.01	0.955	0.02	0.89
36mo	0.28	0.44	0.19	0.63	0.53	0.18	0.21	0.59	0.42	0.211	0.40	0.31
n6:n3
6mo	0.42	0.031	0.30	0.10	0.45	0.011	0.45	0.013	0.11	0.519	0.30	0.08
18mo	−0.04	0.82	0.05	0.78	0.06	0.74	0.14	0.47	0.14	0.369	0.21	0.19
36mo	0.30	0.34	−0.23	0.55	0.05	0.88	−0.18	0.65	0.01	0.978	−0.26	0.58
LC n6:n3
6mo	0.12	0.56	0.14	0.41	0.22	0.24	0.29	0.09	0.15	0.373	0.24	0.13
18mo	−0.13	0.48	−0.08	0.66	−0.04	0.86	−0.05	0.77	0.11	0.490	0.07	0.65
36mo	0.35	0.54	−0.07	0.86	0.16	0.81	−0.08	0.85	−0.31	0.516	−0.30	0.46

Associations were evaluated using lineal regression analyses. β and p are corrected values after adjustment for potential confounders: maternal pre-pregnancy BMI, maternal smoking, weight gain during pregnancy, maternal education, sex of the child and type of infant feeding practice. p-values ≤ 0.05 are highlighted in bold and those ≤0.002 are additionally marked by stars. mo: month; LA: Linoleic Acid; AA: Arachidonic Acid; ALA: α-linolenic Acid; EPA: Eicosapentaenoic Acid; DHA: Docosahexaenoic Acid; PUFA: Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids; LC-PUFA: Long chain Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids.