Table 2.
Effects of berry bioactive compound extracts on serum lipids: clinical studies.
| Author (Year) Funding |
Study Design | Participants | Intervention | Significant Effects on Conventional Lipids | Significant Effects on Lipid Subclasses/Apo Lipoproteins |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Lee et al. [30] Academic grant from Taichung, Taiwan |
Randomized parallel trial; 12 wks | Adults with type 2 diabetes (n = 30) | Cranberry extracts (3 capsules/day ≈ 1500 mg extracts) vs. placebo | Decreases in total (−16 ± 4 mg/d/L) and LDL cholesterol (−15 ± 4 mg/dL) in the cranberry vs. placebo |
Not reported |
| Qin et al. [26] National Natural Science Foundation of China |
Randomized parallel trial; 12 wks | Adults with dyslipidemia (n = 120) | Anthocyanin extracts (4 capsules/day ≈ 320 mg extracts) vs. placebo | Decreases in LDL (159 ± 34 to 140 ± 35 mg/dL) and increases in HDL cholesterol (46 ± 8 to 51 ± 9 mg/dL) in anthocyanin vs. placebo | Decreases in CETP mass and activity in anthocyanin vs. placebo; no changes in Apo-A-I and Apo-B |
| Broncel et al. [31] University of Łódź, Poland |
Uncontrolled study; 2 months vs. baseline | Healthy adults (n = 22) and adults with MS (n = 25) | Chokeberry extracts (300 mg/day) | Decreases in total (243 ± 35 to 228 ± 33 mg/dL), LDL cholesterol (159 ± 36 to 146 ± 35 mg/dL), and triglycerides (216 ± 67 to 188 ± 90 mg/dL) in berry group vs. baseline | Not reported |
| Zhu et al. [27] National Natural Science Foundation of China |
Randomized parallel trial; 12 wks | Adults with hypercholesterolemia (n = 150) | Anthocyanin extracts (4 capsules/day ≈ 320 mg extracts) vs. placebo | Decreases in LDL (130 ± 22 to 117 ± 16 mg/dL) and increases in HDL cholesterol (47 ± 9 to 53 ± 8 mg/dL) in anthocyanin vs. placebo | No changes in Apo-A-I and Apo-B |
| Soltani et al. [32] No funding source reported |
Randomized parallel trial; 4 wks | Adults with hyperlipidemia (n = 50) | Whortleberry extracts (90 mg anthocyanins) vs. placebo | Decreases in total (225 ± 32 to 192 ± 29 mg/dL), LDL cholesterol (133 ± 24 to 122 ± 27 mg/dL) and triglycerides (226 ± 97 to 156 ± 47 mg/dL) in the berry group vs. placebo | Not reported |
| Kianbakht et al. [33] Research Institute for Islamic and Complementary Medicine |
Randomized parallel trial; 8 wks | Adults with hyperlipidemia (n = 80) | Whortleberry extracts (1050 mg fruit extracts) vs. placebo | Decreases in total (282 ± 38 to 202 ± 37 mg/dL), LDL cholesterol (172 ± 48 to 117 ± 35 mg/dL) and triglycerides (305 ± 23 to 248 ± 19 mg/dL), and increases in HDL cholesterol (44 ± 5 to 59 ± 7 mg/dL) in the berry group vs. placebo | Not reported |
Apo: apolipoprotein; CETP: cholesteryl ester transfer protein; MS: metabolic syndrome.