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. 2019 Apr 22;10(4):210–221. doi: 10.1080/21501203.2019.1606860

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© 2019 The Author(s). Published by Informa UK Limited, trading as Taylor & Francis Group.

This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

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I R = \frac{100 \times (R_{2} - R_{1})}{R_{2}}

(1)