Renal blood flow (A) and glomerular filtration rate (B) in normal, CKD, and CKD ELP-VEGF groups at 6, 10, and 14 weeks (n=6–7/group). Both RBF and GFR were dramatically reduced in all CKD animals at 6 weeks but progressively improved at 10 and 14 weeks (w) in ELP-VEGF treated pigs. C) Serum creatinine and urinary markers of renal injury KIM-1 and NGAL (n=6–7 samples/group) were elevated in untreated CKD and attenuated in ELP-VEGF treated pigs after 14 weeks of observation. *p<0.05 vs. normal; † p<0.05 vs. CKD; ‡ p<0.05 vs. 6 or 10 weeks (Single way ANOVA, Tukey).
# p=0.059 (NGAL, single-way ANOVA).