1The Kellgren Centre for Rheumatology, NIHR Manchester Musculoskeletal Biomedical Research Unit, Central Manchester University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust
2Arthritis Research UK Centre for Epidemiology
3Division of Musculoskeletal & Dermatological Sciences, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester
4Department of Medicine, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge
5Department of Rheumatology, Freeman Hospital, Newcastle upon Tyne
6Division of Rheumatology, University College London, Rayne Institute, London
7Rheumatology Research Group, Institute of Inflammation and Ageing, University of Birmingham
8Rheumatology Department, City Hospital, Sandwell and West Birmingham Hospitals NHS Trust, Birmingham
9Louise Coote Lupus Unit, Guys Hospital, London
10Rheumatology Department-University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust, Old Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Birmingham
11Rheumatology Department, Nottingham University Hospitals NHS Trust, Nottingham
12Leeds Institute for Rheumatic and Musculoskeletal Medicine, University of Leeds
13NIHR Leeds Biomedical Research Unit, Leeds Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust, Leeds
14Department of Rheumatology, Doncaster and Bassetlaw Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Doncaster
15Musculoskeletal Research Unit, NIHR Wellcome Trust Clinical Research facility, The University of Southampton
16University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust, Southampton, UK
17Department of Rheumatology, Royal Blackburn Hospital, Blackburn
18Rheumatology Department, Royal Hallamshire Hospital, Sheffield Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Sheffield
19Department of Rheumatology, Royal National Hospital for Rheumatic Diseases and Royal United Hospitals Bath NHS Foundation Trust
20Department of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, University of Bath, Bath
21Rheumatology Department, Hairmyres Hospital, Lanarkshire, UK
✉Correspondence to: Ian N. Bruce, Arthritis Research UK Centre for Epidemiology, Division of Musculoskeletal & Dermatological Sciences, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Stopford Building, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PT, UK. E-mail: ian.bruce@manchester.ac.uk