a, Scheme of transcription and replication by FluPolA in the context of viral ribonucleoproteins (vRNPs). b, vRNP reconstitution assay with the PA352-356A dimer mutant and complementation with the transcription-deficient PAD108A mutant. Data are mean ± s.e.m., n=3 independent transfections. Two-way ANOVA. P < 0.05 is considered significant. mRNA signals for PA352-356A with and without PAD108A were compared by two-tailed unpaired t-test. P < 0.05 is considered significant. c, Effect of the PA352-356A mutation on in vitro transcription by FluPolA primed with a capped RNA primer. Data are mean ± s.e.m., n=3 independent reactions. One-way ANOVA. P<0.05 is considered significant. d, e, Effect of the PA352-356A mutation on in vitro primer-independent replication by FluPolA on a vRNA (d) and cRNA (e) template. Data are mean ± s.e.m., n=3 independent reactions. One-way ANOVA. P < 0.05 is considered significant. For gel source data, see Supplementary Fig. 2.