Abstract
Background
Clostridioides difficile infection (CDI) is a common healthcare-associated infection (HAI). Past studies have revealed that anti-pseudomonal cephalosporins such as cefepime (FEP) and ceftazidime (CTZ) are associated with a higher CDI risk than β-lactam/β-lactamase inhibitors (BLBLI) such as piperacillin/tazobactam (PTZ). However, there is limited data evaluating the comparative healthcare-associated CDI (HA-CDI) risk associated with BLBLI and anti-pseudomonal cephalosporin therapy.
Methods
An observational cohort study was performed with patients who received PTZ, FEP, or CTZ at Yale New Haven Hospital and Bridgeport Hospital from February 1, 2013 to June 1, 2018. Patients who received ≥ 3 days of PTZ, FEP, or CTZ therapy were included. Patients under the age of 18, those admitted to oncology, transplant, or pediatric units, and those with < 2 or ≥ 120 days of hospital admission were excluded. Multivariate logistic regression models were constructed to control and to adjust for underlying comorbidities.
Results
A total of 11,909 patient encounters met the study criteria. The median patient-days of therapy for both the PTZ and FEP/CTZ groups was 4 days (Table 1). FEP/CTZ exposure was associated with a higher CDI risk than PTZ exposure (P = 0.03) (Figure 1) even with higher C. difficile testing frequency in the PTZ group (P < 0.001) (Table 1). Using a multivariate logistic regression model controlling for high-risk antibiotic therapy (ciprofloxacin, clindamycin, ertapenem, meropenem, moxifloxacin), acid suppression therapy (famotidine, lansoprazole, pantoprazole), sex, Charlson comorbidity index score, age, and duration of hospital admission, FEP/CTZ exposure was independently associated with a higher CDI risk than PTZ exposure (Table 2) (Table 3).
Conclusion
FEP/CTZ exposure was associated with a higher CDI risk than PTZ exposure. PTZ may be associated with a higher risk for non-CDI antibiotic-associated diarrhea which may lead to an increased frequency of testing for CDI. The findings from this study may justify additional antibiotic stewardship efforts to limit the use of empiric FEP/CTZ therapy.
Disclosures
All authors: No reported disclosures.
Session: 251. HAI: C. difficile - Epidemiology
Saturday, October 5, 2019: 12:15 PM