Abstract
Background
The threat of Carbapenem-Resistant Enterobacteriaceae (CRE) is increasing worldwide, and the epidemiology, risk factors, and outcomes of CRE in the Philippines is unknown.
Methods
We performed a retrospective case–control study of 128 CRE cases and Carbapenem-Susceptible Enterobacteriaceae (CSE) controls matched 1:1 based on site of infection and date of admission among all adult patients in the Intensive Care Unit (ICU) between January 2014 and May 2018 at The Medical City. Predictors of CRE infection among matched cases and controls were determined through multiple conditional logistic regression analysis. In-hospital mortality was analyzed using z-test of two proportions and length of stay among patients with CRE and CSE were compared.
Results
The mean age in both groups was similar at 65.8 (range 23–92) and 64.3 (range 23–98) years, respectively. There were more males among cases than controls [(76/128, 59%) vs. 62/128 (48%)]. Those with CRE were more likely to have a co-morbid illness and an invasive device. Pneumonia was the most common site of CRE infection (40%) followed by the urinary tract (27%). Enterobacter cloacae (54.68%) was the most common organism, followed by Klebsiella pneumoniae (30.46%). On univariate analysis, the use of piperacillin–tazobactam, third or fourth-generation cephalosporins and carbapenems, mechanical ventilation, and acute kidney injury (AKI) increased the risk of developing CRE infections by an OR of 7.5 (CI 1.88–29.95, P = 0.004), 9.32 (CI 1.48–58.59, P = 0.017), and 10.76 (CI 1.69–68.53, P = 0.012), respectively. Those with CRE had a higher in-hospital mortality than the CSE group [(49/79, 38.3%) vs. (33/95, 25.8%); P = 0.032]. Length of hospital stay among CRE cases was also longer with a mean of 43.9 vs. 28 days compared with controls.
Conclusion
In our cohort, older patients w/ comorbidities developed CRE with pneumonia being the most common site of infection. Prior use of broad-spectrum antimicrobials, mechanical ventilation and AKI appeared to increase the risk of CRE infection in the ICU. CRE infection also increased patient mortality and length of hospital stay. Interventions that target these risk factors should be undertaken to help prevent CRE infection.
Disclosures
All authors: No reported disclosures.
Session: 54. HAI: MDRO – GNR Epidemiology, CRE
Thursday, October 3, 2019: 12:15 PM