Addition of Orange Pomace to 100% Orange Juice Attenuates Acute Glucose Response Compared to 100% Orange Juice but Not Whole Fruit in Healthy Adults (P08-080-19)

Abstract

Objectives

Orange pomace (OP) is a byproduct of orange juice production and is a rich source of fiber. The goal of the present study was to determine the impact of the addition of OP to 100% orange juice (OJ) on the postprandial glycemic response compared to the glycemic response to a sugar matched OJ or whole orange fruit (WOF).

Methods

Forty-five healthy subjects (aged 25 ± 4 years, BMI 23 ± 2 kg m⁻², mean ± SD) participated in a randomized, 3-arm, cross-over clinical trial to test the glycemic response to OJ, 250 g, OJ with 5 g fiber from OP added (OPF, 257 g total beverage weight or Navel variety whole orange (WOF, 227 g edible portion). The fiber level was chosen because it is similar to the amount found in sugar-matched weight of WOF. All 3 study products were matched for available carbohydrates (OJ/OPF/WOF, 19.3 g). Blood samples were collected and glucose and insulin concentrations were measured at fasting (0 min) and at multiple time points over 2 h after consuming study product. The primary end point was to assess and compare maximal glucose concentrations (C_max) among study products.

Results

OPF and WOF significantly attenuated glucose C_max compared to OJ (127.7 ± 1.9 and 125.1 ± 1.9 mg dL⁻¹ vs. 136.1 ± 1.9 mg dL⁻¹, respectively, P < 0.001). Insulin C_max was significantly different among groups (OJ, 64.4 ± 5.0 μIU mL⁻¹ vs. OPF, 54.6 ± 5.0 μIU mL⁻¹ vs. WOF, 46.5 ± 5.0 μIU mL⁻¹, P < 0.001). Time to reach maximal glucose concentration (T _max) was delayed in OPF compared to OJ and WOF (35.3 ± 6 min vs. 30.3 ± 5.2 and 30.6 ± 4 min, respectively, P < 0.001). Analysis of the 2 h glucose incremental area under the curve (iAUC_{0–2 h}) was not significantly different among treatments, P > 0.05. However, iAUC_{0–2 h} for insulin was significantly different between OJ and OPF vs. WOF (1902 ± 199 and 1789 ± 199 μIU x min mL⁻¹ vs. 986 ± 175 μIU x min mL⁻¹, respectively, P < 0.001).

Conclusions

This study demonstrated that adding 5 g of fiber from OP into 250 g of OJ attenuated the primary endpoint of maximal postprandial glucose concentration and this response did not differ from whole orange fruit.

Funding Sources

PepsiCo, Inc.