Correction to: J Nucl Cardiol 10.1007/s12350-017-1131-5
Regrettably the original version of the above article contained errors in the three chemical structures presented in the ‘Atherosclerosis imaging’ section of Table 5, namely: 99mTc annexin V, 68Ga DOTATATE, and 64Cu DOTATATE; the chemical structures have been corrected in Table 5 presented here. In addition, the radiopharmaceutical for isotope 67Ga has been corrected to 67Ga citrate, and many of the radiopharmaceuticals presented at the end of the table have been corrected.
Table 5.
Inflammation and atherosclerosis imaging
| Isotope | Radiopharmaceutical | Chemical structure | Type of tracer | Study population |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| General inflammation | ||||
| 18F | 18F-FDG |
|
Organic compound |
Carotid and coronary plaque imaging Cardiac sarcoidosis Device infection |
| 67Ga | 67Ga citrate | 67Ga3+ | Metal cation |
Inflammatory heart disease Cardiac sarcoidosis |
| Infection | ||||
| 111In | 111In WBC | – | Radiolabeled cell | Infectious disease |
| Atherosclerosis imaging | ||||
| 99mTc | 99mTc annexin 5 |
|
Radiometal-tagged Annexin V | Apoptosis imaging |
| 68Ga | 68Ga DOTATATE |
|
Radiometal-tagged octreotide analog |
Symptomatic carotid atherosclerosis Unstable angina |
| 64Cu | 64Cu DOTATATE |
|
Radiometal-tagged octreotide analog | Symptomatic carotid atherosclerosis |
| Translocator protein | ||||
| 11C | 11C-PK11195 |
|
Organic compound | Symptomatic carotid atherosclerosis |
| 18F | 18F-FEDAC |
|
Organic compound | |
| 18F | 18F-NaF | 18F− | Inorganic anion |
Aortic stenosis Coronary artery disease Carotid artery plaque |
| Radiopharmaceutical | Characteristics | Approval year | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| FDA | Europe | Japan | ||
| General inflammation | ||||
| 18F-FDG |
Accumulating macrophage Strong signal Limitation: non-specific myocardial accumulation |
– | 1994* |
2012 (cardiac sarcoidosis) |
| 67Ga citrate |
No physiological uptake Limitation: suboptimal image quality |
1976 | 1972* | 1982 |
| Infection | ||||
| 111In WBC |
Accumulates in WBC Limitation: suboptimal image quality |
1985 | 1980** | 1992 |
| Atherosclerosis imaging | ||||
| 99mTc annexin 5 |
Lesion specific Limitation: weak signal intensity |
– | – | – |
| 68Ga DOTATATE |
Accumulates activated macrophages No physiological myocardial uptake Generator produced |
2016 | – | – |
| 64Cu DOTATATE | Good image quality | – | – | – |
| Translocator protein | ||||
| 11C-PK11195 | Accumulates in activated mononuclear phagocyte | – | – | – |
| 18F-FEDAC |
Accumulates in activated mononuclear phagocyte High affinity and better image quality |
– | – | – |
| 18F-NaF | Accumulates in calcification lesion | 2012 | – | – |
68Ga DOTATATE Gallium-68-labeled [1,4,7,10-tetraazacyclododecane-N,N′,N″,N‴-tetraacetic acid]-d-Phe1, Tyr3-octreotate, 18F-FDG 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose, 18F-FEDAC N-benzyl-N-methyl-2-[7,8-dihydro-7-(2-[18F]fluoroethyl)-8-oxo-2-phenyl-9H-purin-9-yl]acetamide, WBC white blood cell
*EURD List Juli 2017: http://www.ema.europa.eu/docs/en_GB/document_library/Other/2012/10/WC500133159.xls
**EURD list 2012: http://www.ema.europa.eu/docs/en_GB/document_library/Other/2012/04/WC500124999.xls