Table 6.
Detection and seroprevalence of JEV in swine in the world.
| Sampling Region | Sampling Year | Origin of Sampled Animals (A/F if Pigs) | Age of Sampled Animals | Tested Animals | Serological Test | Anti-JEV Antibodies Evidence | Confirmation Test and Result | Reference | Older References |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Australia (T.) | 1995 | F | NS | 90 | HIA | 63/90 | SNT + | [34] | |
| Australia (T.) | 1998 | Feral pigs | NS | 113 | HIA | 90/113 | nd | [83] | |
| Cambodia | 2007 | A and F | ~4.3 m (20 d–12 m) | 505 | HIA and IgG ELISA | 65.7% and 63.5% | nd | [80] | [74,75]* |
| Hong Kong | 1968 | F | NS | 558 | HIA | 60,4% | nd | [84] | |
| India | 2014 | F | >3 m | 51 | IgG ELISA | 35/51 | RT-PCR + | [85] | [86,87,88] |
| Indonesia | 2015 | F | NS | 80 | IgG ELISA | 32/80 | nd | [89] | [90,91] |
| Japan (M.) | 2008 | Wild boars | NS | 36 | SNT | 30/36 | SNT + | [92] | [93,94] |
| Japan (Is.) | 2010 | F | NS | 128 | HIA | 3.1% | RT-PCR - | [95] | [96,97]** |
| Japan (Ir.) | 2010 | Wild boars | NS | 117 | HIA | 44.4% | RT-PCR - | [95] | [98,99] |
| South-Korea | 2011 | Wild boars | NS | 288 | SNT | 66% | SNT + | [100] | |
| Laos | 2009 | A | 4–12 m | 727 | HIA | 74.7% | nd | [101] | |
| Malaysia | 2016 | F | NS | 90 | IgG ELISA | 40/90 | nd | [31] | [102] |
| Myanmar | 1999 | F | NS | 36 | HIA | 12/36 | nd | [103] | |
| Nepal | 2010 | F | 4–48 m | 454 | IgG ELISA | 16.7% | nd | [104] | [105,106] |
| Singapore | 1999 | Wild boars | NS | 28 | HIA | 28/28 | SNT + | [107] | |
| Sri Lanka | 1988 | F | 1–24 m | 951 | SNT | 32.6% | SNT + | [82] | |
| Thailand | 1983 | A | 4–12 m | 100 | HIA | 74% | ICISM + | [81] | [13] |
| China (Tibet) | 2015 | A | 1–6 m | 102 | IgM ELISA | nr | RT-PCR + | [108] | [109,110] |
| Vietnam | 2010 | A | 4–8 m | 641 | IgG ELISA | 60.4% | SNT + | [111] | [67,112,113,114,115] |
| Taiwan | 1966 | F | 3–8 m | 6000 | HIA | 37.3% | nd | [116] |
d—days; m—months; T.—Torres strait, Australia; M.—Main; Is.—Ishigaki; Ir.—Iriomote (Japanese islands); A—abattoir; F—farm; NS—not specified; nr—not relevant as authors looked for IgM; nd—not done. * more recent longitudinal studies—no measured JEV seroprevalence but JEV confirmed by RT-PCR; ** JEV confirmed by either RT-PCR, ICISM, or SNT.