White matter (WM) and grey matter (GM) integrity as measured by quantitatively assessed diffusion tensor-derived indices at 7 + 35 days poststroke in mice fed HT or Control diet. Fractional anisotropy (FA) (A) and mean diffusivity (MD) (B) were measured for ROI drawn in white (Corpus Callosum, CC) and grey matter (Hippocampus, motor cortex) regions. (A) In sham-control (7D, p < 0.001; 35D, p < 0.011) and sham-HT mice (7D, p < 0.020; 35D, p < 0.001), FA in the right hippocampus was lower than in the left hippocampus at seven days and 35 days after surgery. Only in stroke-control mice at seven days post-stroke FA was decreased in the right hippocampus compared to its contralateral counterpart (p < 0.022). FA in the right hippocampus also increased between seven days and 35 days after surgery in sham-control mice (p < 0.035). A lowered FA in the right the motor cortex compared to left motor cortex was only found at 35 days in stroke-control (p < 0.033) mice. In the left motor cortex, stroke mice had an FA increase in the hemisphere at 35 days post-stroke compared to seven days post-stroke (p < 0.006). Sham animals showed a decrease of FA in both the left (p < 0.003) and right (p < 0.004) motor cortex over time (35 days vs. seven days). (B) MD was higher in the right hippocampus than in the left hippocampus at seven days post-surgery in all groups (Sham-control: p < 0.013; Sham-HT: p < 0.004; Stroke-control: p < 0.006; Stroke-HT: p < 0.050), while at 35 days, it was higher only in sham mice (Sham-control: p < 0.001; Sham-HT: p < 0.002). Only in stroke-control mice at seven days post-surgery, a higher MD in the right motor cortex than the left motor cortex was detected (p < 0.075). Sham-HT mice had a heightened MD of the corpus callosum at 35 days compared to seven days post-surgery (p < 0.033). All stroke mice also showed a higher MD in the corpus callosum 35 days compared to seven days post-surgery (p < 0.008). (C) Representative high-resolution set of FA images for each dietary group at seven and 35 days poststroke. * p < 0.05, ** p < 0.01, *** p < 0.001.