Table 5.
Cox Proportional Hazard Models for Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension Diet and Allostatic Load Index Scores as Predictors of All-Cause and Cause-Specific Mortality—2001–2010 NHANES * (n = 10,822).
| All-Cause Mortality (n = 10,822) |
Cardiovascular Mortality (n = 10,822) |
Cancer Mortality (n = 10,822) |
||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Loge(HR) | 95% CI | Loge(HR) | 95% CI | Loge(HR) | 95% CI | |
| Allostatic load index score: | 0.080 | 0.012, 0.14 | 0.074 | −0.079, 0.23 | 0.065 | −0.083, 0.21 |
| DASH total score (continuous): | ||||||
| Model I: | ||||||
| DASH total score | −0.023 | −0.076, 0.030 | 0.045 | −0.11, 0.21 | −0.052 | −0.17, 0.068 |
| Model II: | ||||||
| DASH total score | −0.022 | −0.075, 0.031 | 0.045 | −0.12, 0.21 | −0.051 | −0.17, 0.069 |
| Allostatic index score | 0.079 | 0.011, 0.14 | 0.075 | −0.079, 0.23 | 0.064 | −0.084, 0.21 |
| Model III: | ||||||
| DASH total score | −0.087 | −0.29, 0.12 | −0.12 | −0.56, 0.32 | −0.029 | −0.34, 0.28 |
| Allostatic load index score | 0.018 | −0.18, 0.21 | −0.087 | −0.49, 0.32 | 0.084 | −0.24, 0.41 |
| DASH total score x Allostatic load index score | 0.019 | −0.035, 0.074 | 0.048 | −0.058, 0.15 | −0.0066 | −0.093, 0.080 |
| DASH total score (<4.5 vs. ≥4.5): | ||||||
| Model I: | ||||||
| DASH total score < 4.5 | 0.063 | −0.11, 0.23 | −0.14 | −0.52, 0.24 | 0.019 | −0.34, 0.38 |
| Model II: | ||||||
| DASH total score < 4.5 | 0.063 | −0.10, 0.23 | −0.14 | −0.52, 0.24 | 0.017 | −0.35, 0.38 |
| Allostatic index score | 0.080 | 0.012, 0.14 | 0.074 | −0.079, 0.22 | 0.065 | −0.083, 0.21 |
| Model III: | ||||||
| DASH total score < 4.5 | 0.43 | −0.17, 1.04 | 0.48 | −0.49, 1.47 | 0.13 | −0.86, 1.12 |
| Allostatic load index score | 0.16 | 0.014, 0.32 | .21 | −0.0042, 0.42 | 0.091 | −0.18, 0.37 |
| DASH total score < 4.5 x Allostatic load index score |
−0.11 | −0.27, 0.061 | −0.18 | −0.42, 0.060 | −0.033 | −0.32, 0.25 |
| DASH Component 1 (Sat. Fat): | ||||||
| Model I: | ||||||
| DASH Component 1 | −0.13 | −0.35, 0.086 | 0.046 | −0.54, 0.63 | −0.34 | −0.87, 0.18 |
| Model II: | ||||||
| DASH Component 1 | −0.12 | −0.34, 0.088 | 0.048 | −0.54, 0.63 | −0.34 | −0.86, 0.18 |
| Allostatic load index score | 0.079 | 0.012, 0.14 | 0.074 | −0.079, 0.23 | 0.064 | −0.084, 0.21 |
| Model III: | ||||||
| DASH Component 1 | −0.20 | −0.89, 0.48 | −0.95 | −2.58, 0.68 | 0.24 | −1.15, 1.64 |
| Allostatic load index score | 0.072 | −0.039, 0.18 | −0.041 | −0.29, 0.21 | 0.12 | −0.12, 0.36 |
| DASH Component 1 x Allostatic load index score |
0.022 | -0.15, 0.19 | 0.28 | -0.11, 0.68 | -0.17 | -.55, 0.20 |
| DASH Component 2 (Tot. Fat): | ||||||
| Model I: | ||||||
| DASH Component 2 | 0.081 | −0.077, 0.24 | 0.029 | −0.36, 0.42 | 0.012 | −0.33, 0.36 |
| Model II: | ||||||
| DASH Component 2 | 0.077 | −0.078, 0.23 | 0.026 | −0.37, 0.42 | 0.0092 | −0.33, 0.35 |
| Allostatic load index score | 0.079 | 0.013, 0.15 | 0.074 | −0.079, 0.23 | 0.065 | −0.082, 0.21 |
| Model III: | ||||||
| DASH Component 2 | −0.031 | −0.59, 0.53 | −0.092 | −1.19, 1.011 | 0.26 | −0.72, 1.25 |
| Allostatic load index score | 0.064 | −0.042, 0.17 | 0.058 | −0.17, 0.29 | 0.099 | −0.11, 0.31 |
| DASH Component 2 x Allostatic load index score |
0.032 | −0.12, 0.18 | 0.033 | −0.24, 0.30 | −0.075 | −0.35, 0.20 |
| DASH Component 3 (Protein): | ||||||
| Model I: | ||||||
| DASH Component 3 | −0.17 | −0.34, −0.010 | −0.008 | −0.41, 0.39 | -0.079 | −0.42, 0.27 |
| Model II: | ||||||
| DASH Component 3 | −0.17 | −0.34, −0.012 | −0.012 | −0.41, 0.39 | −0.081 | −0.43, 0.26 |
| Allostatic load index score | 0.081 | 0.013, 0.15 | 0.074 | −0.079, 0.23 | 0.065 | −0.083, 0.21 |
| Model III: | ||||||
| DASH Component 3 | −0.44 | −0.98, 0.082 | −0.60 | −1.63, 0.42 | −0.044 | −1.09, 1.01 |
| Allostatic load score | 0.058 | −0.012, 0.13 | 0.019 | −0.15, 0.19 | 0.068 | −0.088, 0.22 |
| DASH Component 3 x Allostatic load index score |
0.077 | −0.058, 0.21 | 0.17 | −0.11, 0.44 | −0.011 | −0.31, 0.28 |
| DASH Component 4 (Cholesterol): | ||||||
| Model I: | ||||||
| DASH Component 4 | −0.0203 | −0.21, 0.17 | 0.028 | −0.42, 0.47 | −0.18 | −0.57, 0.19 |
| Model II: | ||||||
| DASH Component 4 | −0.016 | −0.21, 0.18 | 0.031 | −0.41, 0.47 | −0.18 | −0.57, 0.20 |
| Allostatic load index score | 0.080 | 0.012, 0.15 | 0.074 | −0.079, 0.22 | 0.064 | −0.084, 0.21 |
| Model III: | ||||||
| DASH Component 4 | 0.059 | −0.45, 0.57 | 0.53 | −0.59, 1.66 | −0.66 | −1.59, 0.28 |
| Allostatic load score | 0.088 | -0.0018, 0.18 | 0.12 | -0.060, 0.31 | 0.018 | -0.18, 0.21 |
| DASH Component 4 x Allostatic load index score |
−0.022 | −0.15, 0.11 | −0.14 | −0.42, 0.13 | 0.14 | −0.12, 0.39 |
| DASH Component 5 (Fiber): | ||||||
| Model I: | ||||||
| DASH Component 5 | −0.11 | −0.35, 0.13 | 0.44 | −0.041, 0.93 | −0.46 | −0.92, 0.0043 |
| Model II: | ||||||
| DASH Component 5 | −0.11 | −0.35, 0.13 | 0.44 | −0.043, 0.93 | −0.45 | −0.92, 0.0071 |
| Allostatic load index score | 0.080 | 0.013, 0.15 | 0.073 | −0.079, 0.23 | 0.063 | −0.084, 0.21 |
| Model III: | ||||||
| DASH total score | −0.17 | −0.89, 0.55 | 0.79 | −0.56, 2.15 | −0.58 | −1.78, 0.61 |
| Allostatic load score | 0.077 | 0.00021, 0.15 | 0.098 | −0.070, 0.26 | 0.058 | −0.099, 0.22 |
| DASH Component 5 x Allostatic load index score |
0.018 | −0.16, 0.20 | −0.10 | −0.45, 0.25 | 0.039 | −0.27, 0.36 |
| DASH Component 6 (Magnesium): | ||||||
| Model I: | ||||||
| DASH Component 6 | −0.093 | −0.35, 0.16 | 0.37 | −0.27, 1.02 | −0.047 | −0.58, 0.49 |
| Model II: | ||||||
| DASH total score | −0.075 | −0.33, 0.19 | 0.39 | −0.26, 1.04 | −0.031 | −0.57, 0.51 |
| Allostatic load index score | 0.079 | 0.010, 0.14 | 0.079 | −0.076, 0.23 | 0.064 | −0.082, 0.21 |
| Model III: | ||||||
| DASH Component 6 | −0.72 | −1.58, 0.14 | −0.63 | −2.38, 1.11 | −0.30 | −1.80, 1.20 |
| Allostatic load score | 0.046 | −0.031, 0.12 | 0.016 | −0.16, 0.19 | 0.050 | −0.12, 0.22 |
| DASH Component 6 x Allostatic load index score |
0.19 | −0.049, 0.43 | 0.29 | −0.13, 0.73 | 0.082 | −0.35, 0.51 |
| DASH Component 7 (Calcium): | ||||||
| Model I: | ||||||
| DASH Component 7 | 0.084 | −0.10, 0.27 | −0.12 | −0.64, 0.38 | 0.17 | −0.28, 0.63 |
| Model II: | ||||||
| DASH Component 7 | 0.086 | −0.098, 0.27 | −0.13 | −0.64, 0.38 | 0.17 | −0.28, 0.63 |
| Allostatic load score | 0.080 | 0.013, 0.15 | 0.074 | −0.080, 0.23 | 0.066 | −0.083, 0.21 |
| Model III: | ||||||
| DASH Component 7 | 0.087 | −0.54, 0.72 | −0.71 | −2.15, 0.73 | 0.28 | −0.98, 1.55 |
| Allostatic load index score | 0.081 | -0.0066, 0.17 | 0.019 | -0.18, 0.22 | 0.077 | -0.083, 0.24 |
| DASH Component 7 x Allostatic load index score |
−0.00027 | −0.16, 0.16 | 0.16 | −0.17, 0.50 | −0.032 | −0.35, 0.28 |
| DASH Component 8 (Potassium): | ||||||
| Model I: | ||||||
| DASH Component 8 | 1.20 | 0.45, 1.96 | −65.78 | −93.30, −38.26 | 2.22 | 1.32, 3.13 |
| Model II: | ||||||
| DASH Component 8 | 1.21 | 0.46, 1.97 | −71.66 | −859.75, 716.42 | 2.23 | 1.32, 3.14 |
| Allostatic load index score | 0.080 | 0.012, 0.15 | 0.074 | −0.078, 0.23 | 0.065 | −0.082, 0.21 |
| Model III: | ||||||
| DASH Component 8 | −1.97 | −14.75, 10.79 | −62.64 | −77.01, −48.28 | 5.44 | 1.06, 9.83 |
| Allostatic load index score | 0.079 | 0.011, 0.15 | 0.074 | −0.078, 0.23 | 0.068 | −0.079, 0.22 |
| DASH Component 8 x Allostatic load index score |
0.89 | −2.55, 4.34 | −0.62 | −1.97, 0.73 | −0.98 | −2.31, 0.33 |
| DASH Component 9 (Sodium): | ||||||
| Model I: | ||||||
| DASH Component 9 | −0.25 | −0.79, 0.29 | 70.31 | -- | −0.16 | −1.36, 1.02 |
| Model II: | ||||||
| DASH Component 9 | −0.27 | −0.80, 0.26 | 66.16 | -- | −0.18 | −1.36, 1.00 |
| Allostatic load index score | 0.080 | 0.013, 0.15 | 0.072 | −0.081, 0.22 | 0.065 | −0.082, 0.21 |
| Model III: | ||||||
| DASH Component 9 | 1.04 | −2.10, 4.19 | -- | -- | −0.34 | −3.90, 3.21 |
| Allostatic load index score | 0.44 | −0.37, 1.26 | -- | -- | 0.016 | −0.99, 1.02 |
| DASH Component 9 x Allostatic load index score |
−0.37 | −1.21, 0.46 | -- | -- | 0.049 | −0.97, 1.07 |
* All models are adjusted for demographic, socioeconomic, lifestyle and health characteristics. Abbreviations: CI = confidence interval, HR=hazard ratio, DASH = Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension, NHANES = National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey.