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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2020 Apr 23.
Published in final edited form as: Nature. 2019 Oct 23;574(7779):549–552. doi: 10.1038/s41586-019-1662-9

Figure 3. Evolution of phage resistance affects in vivo virulence.

Figure 3

(a) Time to death (given as the median ± one standard error) following infection with PA14 clones that evolved phage resistance either in the presence or absence of a mixed microbial community (n = 376 biologically independent samples, analysed using a Cox proportional hazards model with Tukey contrasts). Type of evolved phage resistance (CRISPR- or surface-based (SM)) drastically impacted (b) bacterial motility (n = 981 biologically independent samples). Boxplots show the median with the upper and lower 25th and 75th percentiles, the inter-quartile range, and outliers shown as dots. (c) Type of resistance also affected in vivo virulence (time to death, given as the median ± one standard error, n = 981, analysed using a Cox proportional hazards model with Tukey contrasts).