Table 5.
Comparison of CSTR BHM throughout literature.
|
Reactor Configuration |
H2 |
CO2 |
CH4 out |
Pressure |
Temp. |
Reactor Vol. |
MER |
Retention Time |
kLa |
Rate of mixing |
Gas recirculation |
Enriched Culture |
Unit normalized to |
|||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| type | (in/ex-situ) | pH | (L/Lvr/min) | (L/Lvr/min) | H2/CO2 Ratio | (%) | (Barg) | (°C) | (L) | (L CH4/Lvr/day) | h | /h | Method of kLa Increase | (L/min) | (rpm) | (L/min) | (y/n) | Archaeal strain | (STP/NTP/NA) | Author |
| CSTR | Ex-situ | 6.8 | 0.30 | 0.08 | 4 : 1 | 2 | 0 | 60 | 16 | 33.3 | 0.051 | Agitator | - | 1000 | 0 | Yes | M. Thermoautotrophicus | STP | [16] | |
| CSTR | Ex-situ | 6.85 | 0.23 | 0.06 | 4 : 1 | 65 | 0.75 | 65 | 10 | 75.3 | 0.090 | Agitator | - | 1500 | 0 | Yes | M. Marburgensis | STP | [65] | |
| CSTR | Ex-situ | 6.85 | 0.34 | 0.09 | 4 : 1 | 58 | 0.75 | 65 | 10 | 107.5 | 0.059 | Agitator | - | 1500 | 0 | Yes | M. Marburgensis | STP | [65] | |
| CSTR | Ex-situ | 6.85 | 0.58 | 0.14 | 4 : 1 | 22 | 0.75 | 65 | 10 | 123.6 | 0.030 | Agitator | - | 1500 | 0 | Yes | M. Marburgensis | STP | [65] | |
| CSTR | Ex-situ | 6.85 | 1.40 | 0.35 | 4 : 1 | 30 | 5 | 65 | 10 | 344.1 | 0.013 | Agitator | - | 1500 | 0 | Yes | M. Marburgensis | STP | [65] | |
| CSTR | Ex-situ | 6.85 | 0.40 | 0.10 | 4 : 1 | 80 | 5 | 65 | 10 | 137.1 | 0.054 | Agitator | - | 1500 | 0 | Yes | M. Marburgensis | STP | [65] | |
| CSTR | Ex-situ | - | 0.89 | 0.22 | 4 : 1 | 99 | 8.5 | 62.5 | 3750 | 800 | 0.050 | Agitator | - | N/A | 0 | Yes | Patented Strain | [26,85,86] | ||
| CSTR | In-situ | 7.8 | 0.0013 | 0.0003 | 4 : 1 | 94 | 1.5 | 55 | 1 | 0.5 | 8 | 7 | Agitator | - | 500 | 0 | Yes | - | STP | [69] |
| CSTR | In-situ | 7.8 | 0.0025 | 0.0006 | 4 : 1 | 95 | 1.5 | 55 | 1 | 0.9 | 4 | 11 | Agitator | - | 500 | 0 | Yes | - | STP | [69] |
| CSTR | In-situ | 7.8 | 0.01 | 0.0013 | 4 : 1 | 90 | 1.5 | 55 | 1 | 1.6 | 2 | 20 | Agitator | - | 500 | 0 | Yes | - | STP | [69] |
| CSTR | In-situ | 7.8 | 0.01 | 0.0013 | 4 : 1 | 94 | 1.5 | 55 | 1 | 1.6 | 2 | 21 | Agitator | - | 800 | 0 | Yes | - | STP | [69] |
| CSTR | In-situ | 7.8 | 0.01 | 0.0025 | 4 : 1 | 91 | 1.5 | 55 | 1 | 3.2 | 1 | 40 | Agitator | - | 800 | 0 | Yes | - | STP | [69] |
| CSTR | Ex-situ | 7.4 | 1.60 | 0.40 | 4 : 1 | 18 | 0 | 65 | 1 | 300.0 | 0.011 | Agitator | - | 1300 | 0 | No | M. Thermoautotrophicus | N/A | [15] | |
| CSTR | Ex-situ | 7.4 | 1.60 | 0.40 | 4 : 1 | 9 | 0 | 65 | 1 | 194.4 | 0.010 | Agitator | - | 1300 | 0 | No | M. Thermoautotrophicus | N/A | [15] | |
| CSTR | Ex-situ | 6.85 | 0.03 | 0.01 | 4 : 1 | 85 | 0 | 60 | 3.5 | 9.9 | 0.760 | Agitator | - | 700 | 0 | Yes | M. Thermoautotrophicus | N/A | [70] | |
| CSTR | Ex-situ | 6.85 | 0.06 | 0.014 | 4 : 1 | 64 | 0 | 60 | 3.5 | 18.5 | 0.364 | Agitator | - | 700 | 0 | Yes | M. Thermoautotrophicus | N/A | [70] | |
| CSTR | Ex-situ | 6.85 | 0.11 | 0.03 | 4 : 1 | 49 | 0 | 60 | 3.5 | 34.0 | 0.174 | Agitator | - | 700 | 0 | Yes | M. Thermoautotrophicus | N/A | [70] | |
| CSTR | Ex-situ | 6.85 | 0.23 | 0.06 | 4 : 1 | 22 | 0 | 60 | 3.5 | 47.9 | 0.076 | Agitator | - | 700 | 0 | Yes | M. Thermoautotrophicus | N/A | [70] | |
| CSTR | Ex-situ | 6.85 | 0.46 | 0.11 | 4 : 1 | 6 | 0 | 60 | 3.5 | 40.4 | 0.032 | Agitator | - | 700 | 0 | Yes | M. Thermoautotrophicus | N/A | [70] | |
| CSTR | Ex-situ | 6.85 | 0.17 | 0.04 | 4 : 1 | 42 | 0.2 | 60 | 3 | 46.9 | 0.116 | Agitator | - | 700 | 0 | Yes | M. Thermoautotrophicus | N/A | [70] | |
| CSTR | Ex-situ | 7.35 | 0.33 | 0.08 | 4 : 1 | 17 | 0.2 | 60 | 3 | 61.2 | 0.050 | Agitator | - | 700 | 0 | Yes | M. Thermoautotrophicus | N/A | [70] | |
| CSTR | Ex-situ | 7.35 | 0.67 | 0.17 | 4 : 1 | 7 | 0.2 | 60 | 3 | 65.7 | 0.022 | Agitator | - | 700 | 0 | Yes | M. Thermoautotrophicus | N/A | [70] | |
| CSTR | Ex-situ | 7.35 | 0.13 | 0.03 | 4 : 1 | 45 | 0.2 | 60 | 3 | 38.6 | 0.147 | Agitator | - | 700 | 0 | Yes | M. Thermoautotrophicus | N/A | [70] | |
| CSTR | Ex-situ | 6.85 | 0.27 | 0.07 | 4 : 1 | 18 | 0.2 | 60 | 3 | 50.4 | 0.063 | Agitator | - | 700 | 0 | Yes | M. Thermoautotrophicus | N/A | [70] | |
| CSTR | Ex-situ | 6.85 | 0.53 | 0.13 | 4 : 1 | 5 | 0.2 | 60 | 3 | 38.4 | 0.027 | Agitator | - | 700 | 0 | Yes | M. Thermoautotrophicus | N/A | [70] | |
| CSTR | Ex-situ | 6.85 | 0.07 | 0.02 | 4 : 1 | 74 | 0.2 | 60 | 3 | 16.1 | 0.131 | Agitator | - | 700 | 0 | Yes | M. Thermoautotrophicus | N/A | [70] | |
| CSTR | Ex-situ | 6.85 | 0.13 | 0.03 | 4 : 1 | 63 | 0.2 | 60 | 3 | 32.7 | 0.089 | Agitator | - | 700 | 0 | Yes | M. Thermoautotrophicus | N/A | [70] | |
| CSTR | Ex-situ | 6.85 | 0.53 | 0.13 | 4 : 1 | 13 | 0.2 | 60 | 3 | 26.4 | 0.024 | Agitator | - | 700 | 0 | Yes | M. Thermoautotrophicus | N/A | [70] | |
| CSTR | Ex-situ | 7.4 | 4 | 1 | 4 : 1 | 4 | 1 | 65 | 1 | 233.3 | 0.004 | Agitator | - | 1300 | 0 | Yes | KN-15 | STP | [64] | |
| CSTR | Ex-situ | 7.4 | 4 | 1 | 4 : 1 | 9 | 2 | 65 | 1 | 460.2 | 0.004 | Agitator | - | 1300 | 0 | Yes | KN-15 | STP | [64] | |
| CSTR | Ex-situ | 7.4 | 4 | 1 | 4 : 1 | 15 | 3 | 65 | 1 | 688.1 | 0.004 | Agitator | - | 1300 | 0 | Yes | KN-15 | STP | [64] | |
| CSTR | Ex-situ | 6.8 | 0.52 | 0.13 | 4 : 1 | 42 | 0 | 65 | 1.5 | 146.7 | 0.037 | 1200 | Rushton Impeller | - | 320 | 0 | Yes | M. Thermoautotrophicus | N/A | [48] |
| CSTR | Ex-situ | 6.8 | 0.64 | 0.16 | 4 : 1 | 52 | 0 | 65 | 1.5 | 194.5 | 0.031 | 1450 | Straight blade | - | 320 | 0 | Yes | M. Thermoautotrophicus | N/A | [48] |
| CSTR | Ex-situ | 6.8 | 1.92 | 0.48 | 4 : 1 | 44 | 0 | 65 | 1.5 | 551.0 | 0.010 | 3550 | Straight blade | - | 660 | 0 | Yes | M. Thermoautotrophicus | N/A | [48] |
| CSTR | Ex-situ | 6.8 | 0.54 | 0.13 | 4 : 1 | 24 | 0 | 65 | 1.5 | 118.1 | 0.033 | 1100 | Rushton Impeller | - | 660 | 0 | Yes | M. Thermoautotrophicus | N/A | [48] |
| CSTR | Ex-situ | 6.8 | 1.36 | 0.34 | 4 : 1 | 32 | 0 | 65 | 1.5 | 334.0 | 0.013 | 3250 | Rushton Impeller | - | 1015 | 0 | Yes | M. Thermoautotrophicus | N/A | [48] |
| CSTR | Ex-situ | 6.8 | 1.68 | 0.42 | 4 : 1 | 40 | 0 | 65 | 1.5 | 465.3 | 0.011 | 3750 | Straight blade | - | 1015 | 0 | Yes | M. Thermoautotrophicus | N/A | [48] |
| CSTR | Ex-situ | 6.8 | 0.83 | 0.21 | 4 : 1 | 35 | 0 | 65 | 1.5 | 219.2 | 0.023 | Straight blade | - | 400 | 0 | Yes | M. Thermoautotrophicus | N/A | [48] | |
| CSTR | Ex-situ | 6.8 | 0.83 | 0.21 | 4 : 1 | 76 | 0 | 65 | 1.5 | 229.0 | 0.023 | Rushton Impeller | - | 300 | 0 | Yes | M. Thermoautotrophicus | N/A | [48] | |
| CSTR | Ex-situ | 6.8 | 0.83 | 0.21 | 4 : 1 | 43 | 0 | 65 | 1.5 | 229.2 | 0.023 | Straight blade | - | 490 | 0 | Yes | M. Thermoautotrophicus | N/A | [48] | |
| CSTR | Ex-situ | 6.8 | 0.83 | 0.21 | 4 : 1 | 83 | 0 | 65 | 1.5 | 249.9 | 0.024 | Rushton Impeller | - | 660 | 0 | Yes | M. Thermoautotrophicus | N/A | [48] | |
| CSTR | Ex-situ | 6.8 | 0.83 | 0.21 | 4 : 1 | 52 | 0 | 65 | 1.5 | 250.4 | 0.024 | Straight blade | - | 660 | 0 | Yes | M. Thermoautotrophicus | N/A | [48] | |
| CSTR | Ex-situ | 6.8 | 0.83 | 0.21 | 4 : 1 | 90 | 0 | 65 | 1.5 | 270.1 | 0.025 | Rushton Impeller | - | 900 | 0 | Yes | M. Thermoautotrophicus | N/A | [48] | |
| CSTR | Ex-situ | 6.8 | 0.83 | 0.21 | 4 : 1 | 61 | 0 | 65 | 1.5 | 271.2 | 0.025 | Straight blade | - | 850 | 0 | Yes | M. Thermoautotrophicus | N/A | [48] | |
| CSTR | Ex-situ | 6.8 | 0.83 | 0.21 | 4 : 1 | 97 | 0 | 65 | 1.5 | 289.8 | 0.026 | Rushton Impeller | - | 1200 | 0 | Yes | M. Thermoautotrophicus | N/A | [48] | |
- Retention time values presented in papers are noted (Bold, underlined and italic), but where missing, retention time according to Voelklein et al. [11] calculated to allow comparison.