Table 1. Sacred Ibis samples.
Details of the location, tissue type and estimated ages of both modern and ancient Sacred Ibis samples sequenced in this research project. Age reported in the table is an estimated age based on the samples reported in Wasef et al., 2015 [13] from same locations.
| Sample no. and Code | Source | Place of origin | Sample type | Estimated Age (cal yr BP) | Sequencing method |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 14 Ancient Egyptian Mummy samples | |||||
|
Saqqara 14 (A_SQ14) |
South Ibis catacomb | Saqqara- Egypt | Bone, tissue and feathers | 450–250 cal BC | Targeted hybridization |
|
Saqqara (15, 16, 33) (A-SQ15, A_SQ16 and A_SQ33) |
South Ibis catacomb | Saqqara- Egypt | Bone | 450–250 cal BC | Targeted hybridization |
|
Tuna (1, 2) (A_TG1, 2) |
Sacred Ibis catacomb, Tuna el-Gebel | Tuna el-Gebel Egypt |
Bone | 450–250 cal BC | Targeted hybridization |
|
Sohag 1 (A_SG1) |
Abydos | Abydos, Egypt | Toe pad | 450–250 cal BC | Targeted hybridization |
|
Sohag 2 (A_SG2) |
Abydos | Abydos, Egypt | Feather | 450–250 cal BC | Targeted hybridization |
|
Sohag 3 (A_SG3) |
Smithsonian institute | Abydos, Egypt | Bone | 450–250 cal BC | Targeted hybridization |
|
Thebes (1, 2, 3) (A_TH1, 2, 3) |
British Museum collection | Thebes, Egypt | Bone | 450–250 cal BC | Targeted hybridization |
|
Kom Ombo (A_KOM) |
The Musée des Confluences | Kom Ombo, Egypt | Bone | 450–250 cal BC | Targeted hybridization |
|
Rodah (A_RD) |
The Musée des Confluences | Rodah, Egypt | Bone | 450–250 cal BC | Targeted hybridization |
| 26 Modern samples from throughout Africa | |||||
|
Kenya (1–7) (M_KF 1–7) |
Mount Kenya Safari Club, (on Equator) | Kenya | Feathers | Wild population | Targeted hybridization |
| Gambia (1–6) (M_GF 1–6) | Gambia | Gambia | Feathers | Wild population | Targeted hybridization |
|
South Africa Population 1 (1–3) (M_SAP1_1, 2, 3) |
Lake Zeekoeivlei | South Africa | Blood | Wild population | Targeted hybridization |
|
South Africa Population 2(1,2) (M_SAP2_1, 2) |
Robben Island | South Africa | Blood | Wild population | Targeted hybridization |
|
Cairo (1,2) (M_CAI 1,2) |
Cairo Zoo | Cairo | Feathers | Zoo captivated birds | Targeted hybridization |
|
Gabon (M_GAB) |
American Museum of Natural History | Chinchoua, Gabon | Toe pad | Modern museum samples | Shotgun sequencing |
|
Tanzania (M_TAN) |
ANS Drexel University | Tanzania | Toe pad | Modern museum samples | Shotgun sequencing |
|
Zimbabwe (M_ZIM) |
American Museum of Natural History | Zimbabwe | Toe pad | Modern museum samples | Shotgun sequencing |
|
Malawi (M_MAL) |
American Museum of Natural History | Upper Shire, Nyasaland, British Central Africa | Toe pad | Modern museum samples | Shotgun sequencing |
| Madagascar | American Museum of Natural History | Madagascar | Toe pad | Modern museum samples | Shotgun sequencing |