Table 1.
Characteristics of cancer survivors and matched general population controls (all cancer sites)
| Cancer survivors | Controls | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| Total number of patients | 108 215 | 523 541 | |
| Time from cancer diagnosis or baseline to end of follow-up | |||
| Mean (SD) | 5·7 (4·1) | 6·4 (4·2) | |
| Median (IQR) | 4·5 (2·5–7·9) | 5·4 (3·1–8·8) | |
| Range | 1·0–26·5 | 1·0–26·6 | |
| Total person-years included* (million years) | 0·507 | 2·839 | |
| Age (years)† | |||
| Mean (SD) | 66·1 (13·3) | 66·0 (13·2) | |
| Median (IQR) | 67·0 (58·0–76·0) | 67·0 (58·0–76·0) | |
| Age (years)‡ | |||
| 18–59 | 31 057 (28·7%) | 150 257 (28·7%) | |
| 60–79 | 60 347 (55·8%) | 293 080 (56·0%) | |
| ≥80 | 16 811 (15·5%) | 80 204 (15·3%) | |
| Sex†‡ | |||
| Men | 51 541 (47·6%) | 245 760 (46·9%) | |
| Women | 56 674 (52·4%) | 277 781 (53·1%) | |
| Index of Multiple Deprivation quintile (patient area)द | |||
| 1 (least deprived) | 27 755 (25·6%) | 133 023 (25·4%) | |
| 2 | 25 607 (23·7%) | 123 322 (23·6%) | |
| 3 | 22 926 (21·2%) | 111 594 (21·3%) | |
| 4 | 17 902 (16·5%) | 87 408 (16·7%) | |
| 5 (most deprived) | 14 025 (13·0%) | 68 194 (13·0%) | |
| Year of cancer diagnosis†‡ | |||
| 1989–98 | 11 277 (10·4%) | 53 298 (10·2%) | |
| 1999–2003 | 24 487 (22·6%) | 117 541 (22·5%) | |
| 2004–08 | 37 369 (34·5%) | 181 127 (34·6%) | |
| 2009–14 | 35 082 (32·4%) | 171 575 (32·8%) | |
| Smoking statusঠ| |||
| Non-smoker | 47 682 (44·1%) | 245 275 (46·8%) | |
| Current smoker | 19 433 (18·0%) | 89 509 (17·1%) | |
| Ex-smoker | 41 100 (38·0%) | 188 757 (36·1%) | |
| Heavy drinker¶ | 3806 (3·5%) | 22 457 (4·3%) | |
| Body-mass indexঠ| |||
| Underweight | 1850 (1·7%) | 8491 (1·6%) | |
| Healthy weight | 40 393 (37·3%) | 196 789 (37·6%) | |
| Overweight | 42 060 (38·9%) | 203 457 (38·9%) | |
| Obese | 23 912 (22·1%) | 114 804 (21·9%) | |
| Diabetes¶ | 11 862 (11·0%) | 55 091 (10·5%) | |
| Hypertension‡¶ | 26 246 (24·3%) | 116 313 (22·2%) | |
| Previous cardiovascular disease‡¶‖ | 32 826 (30·3%) | 151 436 (28·9%) | |
| Cardiovascular treatments¶ | |||
| Statins | 25 947 (24·0%) | 123 947 (23·7%) | |
| β blockers | 17 316 (16·0%) | 83 748 (16·0%) | |
| Angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors | 19 782 (18·3%) | 93 542 (17·9%) | |
| Angiotensin II receptor blockers | 7618 (7·0%) | 34 425 (6·6%) | |
| Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs | 11 940 (11·0%) | 52 875 (10·1%) | |
| Previous migraine¶ | 7125 (6·6%) | 34 313 (6·6%) | |
| Chronic kidney disease¶ | 16 977 (15·7%) | 71 655 (13·7%) | |
Data are n (%) and represent status at cancer diagnosis date for survivors, with the same date used for matched controls (baseline), unless specified otherwise. Number of patients by cancer type or site (with International Classification of Diseases codes, version 10): 1584 oral cavity (C00–06), 1794 oesophageal (C15), 1507 stomach (C16), 14 216 colorectal (C18–20), 554 liver (C22), 864 pancreas (C25), 5369 lung (C34), 7098 malignant melanoma (C43), 25 633 breast (C50), 1209 cervix (C53), 3440 uterus (C54–55), 2710 ovaries (C56), 20 709 prostate (C61), 2197 kidney (C64), 7712 bladder (C67), 906 CNS (>C71–72), 1028 thyroid (C73), 4423 non-Hodgkin lymphoma (C82–85), 1843 multiple myeloma (C90), 3419 leukaemia (C91–95).
Index date to end of follow-up.
Matching variable.
Interactions investigated.
Index of multiple deprivation is an area-based proxy for socioeconomic status.
Shared risk factor; additional variables for specific cancers include hysterectomy and hormone replacement therapy (female-specific cancers), chronic liver disease (liver cancer), immunosuppression (non-Hodgkin lymphoma), and systemic sclerosis and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (lung cancer).
34% of cancer survivors and 31% of controls had a history of previous cardiovascular disease at the index date (1 year after diagnosis or baseline).