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. 1999 Nov 30;8(4):235–244. doi: 10.1002/(SICI)1097-0193(1999)8:4<235::AID-HBM7>3.0.CO;2-3

Determination of drug‐induced changes in functional MRI signal using a pharmacokinetic model

Alan S Bloom 1,✉, Raymond G Hoffmann 2, Scott A Fuller 3, John Pankiewicz 3, Harold H Harsch 3, Elliot A Stein 1,3,4
PMCID: PMC6873301  PMID: 10619417

Abstract

As the applications of functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) expand, there is a need for the development of new strategies for data extraction and analysis that do not require the presentation of stimuli in a repeated on/off pattern. A description and evaluation of a method and computer algorithm for the detection and analysis of brain activation patterns following acute drug administration using fMRI are presented. A waveform analysis protocol (WAP) input function has been developed that is based upon the single‐dose pharmacokinetics of a drug of interest. As a result of this analysis, regional brain activation can be characterized by its localization and intensity of activation, onset of action, time to peak effect, and duration of action. A global statistical test for significant drug effects based upon the probability of a voxel being activated by a saline vehicle injection is applied to grouped data on a voxel by voxel basis. Representative data are presented using nicotine as a prototypical agent. Using this method, statistically significant drug‐induced brain activation has been identified in several key cortical and subcortical brain regions. Hum Brain Mapping 8:235–244, 1999. © 1999 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.

Keywords: nicotine, brain, clustering, magnetic resonance imaging, pharmacology

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