Skip to main content
PMC home page
International Journal of Methods in Psychiatric Research logoLink to International Journal of Methods in Psychiatric Research
. 2006 Mar 24;11(4):169–177. doi: 10.1002/mpr.134

The Clinical Interview Schedule – Sinhala version: validation in a community setting in Sri Lanka

Shiranee Champika Wickramasinghe 1,✉, Lalini Rajapakse 2, Ranil Abeysinghe 3, Martin Prince 4
PMCID: PMC6878291  PMID: 12459820

Abstract

The Clinical Interview Schedule – Revised (CIS‐R) was validated in a clinic setting for adolescents 15–19 years of age in Sri Lanka. The interview schedule was translated into Sinhala and modified to include sections introducing each symptom group. One‐hundred‐and‐thirty‐one adolescents attending a psychiatric clinic for the first time were interviewed by a lay interviewer using CIS‐R (Translated). They had previously been examined and rated by a psychiatrist using local (emic) diagnostic procedures. All the filtering questions showed a high level of sensitivity (80%–96%). None of the questions in the sleep problems and phobias sections were effective at discriminating between those who did and did not show significant symptoms in these areas according to the psychiatrist. The internal consistency of the sections of the interview schedule (when these two sections were excluded) varied between 0.60 and 0.82. Linear regression showed that, when both sections were excluded, 97% of the variation of total score could be explained. Therefore, it was decided to exclude the sleep problems and phobias sections from the modified interview schedule.

As the population samples are likely to be different from clinic samples it is necessary to test the validity again in a community sample before confirming the validity of the modified interview schedule. Copyright © 2002 Whurr Publishers Ltd.

Keywords: Clinical Interview Schedule – Revised, validity, adolescents, common mental disorders

Full Text

The Full Text of this article is available as a PDF (80.3 KB).

References

  1. Abesinghe R, Navarathna, PM . Shyness. Kandy: Arya Printers, 1999. (Original book in Sinhala.) [Google Scholar]
  2. Almeida‐Filho N, Mari J de J, Coutinho E, Franca JF, Fernandes J, Andreoli SB, Busnello ED. Brazilian multicentric study of psychiatric morbidity. Methodological features and prevalence estimates. Brit J Psy 1997; 171: 524–9. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  3. American Psychiatric Association . Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (3 edn, revised) (DSM‐III R). Washington DC: APA, 1987. [Google Scholar]
  4. Botega NJ, Pereira WA, Bio MR, Garcia Junior C, Zomignani MA. Psychiatric morbidity among medical inpatients: a standardized assessment (GHQ‐12 and CIS‐R) using ‘lay’ interviewers in a Brazilian hospital. Soc Psy Epid 1995; 30: 127–31. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  5. Brisling RW, Liner W, Thorndike R. Cross cultural research method. New York: John Wiley & Sons, 1973. [Google Scholar]
  6. Brugha TS, Bebington PE, Jenkins R. Editorial: a difference that matters: comparisons of structured and semistructured diagnostic interviews in the general population. Psy Med: 1999a; 1013–19. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  7. Brugha TS, Bebbington PE, Jenkins R, Meltzer H, Taub NA, Janas M, Vernon J. Cross validation of a general population survey diagnostic interview: a comparison of CIS‐R with SCAN ICD‐10 diagnostic categories. Psy Med 1999b; 29: 1029–42. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  8. Cheng TA. Symptomatology of minor psychiatric morbidity: a cross‐cultural comparison. Psy Med 1989; 19: 697–708. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  9. El‐Rufaie OE, Absood GH. Minor psychiatric morbidity in primary health care: prevalence, nature and severity. Int J Soc Psy 1993; 39: 159–66. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  10. Erdman HP, Klein MH, Greist JH. Direct patient computer interviewing. J of Consult and Clini Psy 1985; 53: 760–73. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  11. Feinstein AR. Clinical Epidemiology. Philadelphia PA: WB Saunders & Co, 1985. [Google Scholar]
  12. Goldberg D, Huxley P. Mental Illness in the Community. London: Tavistock, 1985. [Google Scholar]
  13. Goldberg DB, Cooper B, Eastwood MR, Kedward HB, Shepard MA. Standardized psychiatric interview for use in community Surveys. Brit J Prev Soc Med 1970; 24: 18–23. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  14. Hibbert ME, Hamill C, Rosier M, Caust J, Patton G, Bowes G. Computer administration of a school‐based adolescent health survey. J Paed Child Health 1996; 32: 372–7. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  15. Jacob KS, Everett B, Patel V, Weich R, Araya R, Lewis GH. The comparison of latent variable models of non‐psychotic morbidity in four culturally diverse populations. Psy Med 1998; 28: 145–52. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  16. Jenkins R. Sex difference in minor psychiatric morbidity. Psychological Medicine Monograph supplement 7, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1985. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  17. Lewis G, Wilkinson A. Another British Disease? A recent increase in the prevalence of psychiatric morbidity. J Epid Com Health 1993; 47: 358–61. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  18. Lewis G, Pelosi AJ, Araya R, Dunn G. Measuring psychiatric disorder in the community: a standardized assessment for use by lay interviewers. Psy Med 1992; 22: 465–86. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  19. Lewis G, Pelosi AJ. Manual of the Revised Clinical Interview Schedule (CIS‐R). London: Institute of Psychiatry, 1990. [Google Scholar]
  20. Mare L, Kelles S, Gandele B, Brafier JE, Sullivan M. Evaluation translation of health status questionnaire. Int J Tec Asses Health Care 1995; 11: 525–51. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  21. Meadows L. Criteria for translation of health measurement instruments. Qual Life Res 1994; 3: 67. [Google Scholar]
  22. Patel V, Winston M. ‘Universality of Mental Illness’ revisited: assumptions, artifacts and new directions. Brit J Psy 1994; 165: 437–40. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  23. Patel V, Mann A. Etic and emic criteria for non‐psychotic mental disorder: a study of the CIS‐R and care provider assessment in Harare. Soc Psy 1997; 32: 84–9. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  24. Regier DA, Boyd JH, Burke JD, Rae DS, Myers JK, Kramer M, Robins LN, George LK, Karno M, Locke BZ. One‐month prevalence of mental disorders in the United States. Based on five Epidemiologic Catchment Area sites. Arch Gen Psy 1988; 45: 977–86. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  25. Robins LN, Helzer JE, Croughan J Ratcliff KS. National institute of Mental Health Diagnostic Interview Schedule: Its history, characteristics and validity. Arch of Gen Psy 1981; 38, 381–9. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  26. Russel JG. Anxiety disorders in Japan: a review of the Japanese literature in Shinkeishitsu and Taijinkyofusho. Culture, Med and Psy 1989; 13: 391–403. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  27. Singleton N, Bumpstead R, O'Brian M, Lee A, Meltzer H. Psychiatric Morbidity Among Adults Living in Private Households. The Report of a Survey carried out by Social Survey Division of the Office for National Statistics on behalf of the Department of Health, the Scottish Executive and the National Assembly for Wales 2001. London: The Stationary Office, 2001. [Google Scholar]
  28. Spitzer RL. Psychiatric diagnosis: are clinicians still necessary? Comp Psy 1983; 24: 399–411. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  29. Sprinthall NA, Collins WA. Adolescent Psychology. 2 edn New York: Random House, 1985. [Google Scholar]
  30. Wells JE, Bushnell JA, Hornblow AR, Joyce PR, Oakley‐Browne MA. Christchurch Psychiatric Epidemiology Study, Part I: Methodology and Lifetime Prevalence for Specific Psychiatric Disorders. Aust New Zea J Psy 1989; 23: 315–26. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  31. Wing LK, Babbor T, Brugha T, Burke J, Cooper JE, Giel R, Jablenski A, Regier D, Sartorius N. SCAN: Schedules for Clinical Assessment in Neuropsychiatry. Arch Gen Psy 1990; 47: 589–93. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  32. World Health Organization . Composite International Diagnostic Interview (CIDI): a) CIDI‐Interview (version 1.0) b) CIDI‐user manual c) CIDI‐training manual d) CIDI‐computer programmes. Geneva: World Health Organization, 1990. [Google Scholar]
  33. World Health Organization . The Tenth Revision of the International Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems (ICD‐10). Geneva: WHO, 1992. [Google Scholar]

Articles from International Journal of Methods in Psychiatric Research are provided here courtesy of Wiley

RESOURCES