Family‐based interventions to increase physical activity in children: a systematic review, meta‐analysis and realist synthesis

Subsequent to the publication, several errors have been found in the paper and can be corrected as follows:

1. The labelling on the studies in Figure 2 is incorrect.

2. The referencing in Table 1 is inconsistent with the manuscript reference list.

The correct Figure 2 and Table 1 are shown here.

Figure 2.

Effect on child physical activity from random effects meta‐analysis of eligible studies.

Table 1.

Overview of characteristics of 47 studies included in systematic review of family‐based physical activity promotion

	Proportion	Citations	Favoured intervention #
Study design
Randomised controlled trials (RCT)/cluster RCT	57%	28, 30, 31, 32, 38, 39, 40, 43, 45, 47, 48, 49, 50, 51, 54, 55, 58, 60, 61, 63, 64, 67, 68, 69, 70, 74, 76	59%
Comparison trials	26%	33, 35, 36, 37, 41, 42, 46, 52, 56, 57, 66, 77	67%
Pilot studies or feasibility trials of any design	17%	34, 44, 53, 59, 62, 65, 71, 73	88%
Year of publication
2014–2015	6%	68, 69, 73, 77	75%
2012–2013	36%	28, 32, 33, 34, 37, 38, 44, 47, 52, 53, 59, 64, 65, 70, 71, 74, 76	71%
2010–2011	26%	36, 39, 40, 42, 43, 45, 48, 49, 56, 57, 62, 66	67%
1983–2009	32%	30, 31, 35, 41, 46, 50, 51, 54, 55, 58, 60, 61, 63, 67	57%
Study location
USA	59%	28, 30, 34, 35, 36, 37, 39, 40, 41, 44, 46, 49, 51, 52, 53, 54, 55, 56, 57, 58, 60, 61, 64, 65, 67, 68, 73, 77	68%
UK	15%	33, 43, 50, 59, 66, 70, 71	58%
Australia	11%	42, 48, 63, 69, 74,	20%
Other locations+	15%	31, 32, 38, 45, 47, 62, 76	100%
Sample size (‘target’ child)
< 60 participants	45%	30, 34, 35, 36, 39, 41, 43, 44, 48, 50, 53, 56, 57, 59, 63, 64, 65, 70, 73, 74, 77,	57%
60–200 participants	32%	31, 34, 37, 40, 42, 45, 46, 51, 52, 55, 60, 62, 66, 67, 69	73%
≥ 200 participants	23%	28, 32, 33, 38, 47, 49, 54, 61, 68, 71, 76	72%
Age of target child
5–8 years	15%	28, 59, 62, 63, 68, 76, 71	71%
8–11 years	70%	31, 32, 38, 40, 43, 45, 47, 49, 50, 69, 58, 61, 64, 67, 74, 70, 48, 33, 35, 36, 37, 41, 42, 46, 52, 57, 56, 66, 77, 53, 65, 34, 73	60%
≥11 years	13%	39, 44, 51, 54, 55, 60	50%
Not reported	2%	30	0%
Sex of target child
Mixed sex	83%	28, 30, 31, 32, 38, 39, 40, 43, 45, 47, 49, 51, 54, 55, 60, 61, 63, 64, 67, 68, 69, 76, 74, 70, 48, 33, 36, 37, 41, 42, 46, 52, 66, 77, 44, 53, 59, 62, 65, 71	63%
Girls only	15%	50, 58, 35, 57, 56, 34, 73	86%
Not reported	2%	59	100%
Weight status of target child
Majority healthy weight	43%	28, 31, 32, 38, 39, 40, 47, 49, 50, 69, 60, 68, 76, 70, 35, 37, 41, 56, 66, 71	80%
Majority overweight or obese	36%	28, 43, 60, 61, 63, 64, 48, 33, 36, 42, 46, 52, 56, 77, 44, 53, 65	59%
Not reported	21%	30, 45, 51, 54, 67, 74, 53, 59, 62, 73	50%
Follow‐up (post‐intervention) periods reported
Short term: up to 6 months	51%	45, 47, 51, 54, 55, 58, 60, 61, 63, 64, 67, 74, 70, 48, 35, 37, 57, 77, 53, 59, 62, 65, 69, 73, 71	58%
Medium term: 6–12 months	19%	31, 32, 39, 40, 41, 43, 58, 64	89%
Long term: 12 months or longer	30%	28, 32, 36, 43, 42, 46, 47, 48, 51, 54, 61, 64, 68, 76	79%
Physical activity measure *
Subjective (e.g. questionnaire, recall diary, interview)	53%	28, 31, 32, 33, 36, 38, 41, 44, 46, 48, 49, 51, 52, 53, 54, 55, 61, 62, 63, 64, 65, 66, 67, 71, 73	68%
Objective (e.g. pedo/accelerometry (Actical, ActiGraph or Caltrac devices), observation)	46%	30, 34, 35, 37, 39, 40, 42, 43, 45, 47, 50, 56, 57, 58, 59, 60, 68, 69, 70, 74, 76, 77	64%
Physical activity outcome reported
Accelerometer‐derived MVPA or counts/min	34%	34, 35, 37, 39, 40, 42, 43, 56, 57, 58, 59, 60, 64, 68, 70, 76	63%
Pedometer‐derived step count	15%	45, 47, 50, 53, 69, 74, 77	71%
Self‐reported PA frequency (>60 min)	45%	28, 31, 33, 36, 41, 44, 46, 48, 49, 51, 52, 54, 55, 61, 62, 63, 65, 66, 67, 71, 73	67%
Self‐reported sport, dance, PE, or outdoor play participation or direct observation	6%	30, 32, 38	67%
Theoretical grounding
No theory identified	43%	33, 36, 37, 38, 43, 44, 47, 48, 50, 53, 58, 60, 61, 63, 64, 65, 66, 67, 70, 71	60%
Theory‐based	57%	28, 30, 31, 32, 34, 35, 39, 40, 41, 42, 45, 46, 49, 51, 52, 55, 56, 57, 59, 62, 68, 69, 73, 74, 76, 77	74%
Intervention duration
≤1 month	17%	41, 46, 50, 53, 57, 62, 63, 67	63%
1–2 months	23%	32, 39, 40, 44, 45, 48, 51, 55, 59, 69, 73, 74	64%
>2 to 3 months	34%	33, 35, 36, 37, 42, 52, 56, 60, 61, 64, 65, 66, 70, 71, 77	69%
>3 months	26%	28, 30, 31, 34, 38, 43, 47, 49, 54, 58, 68, 76	67%
Intervention deliverer
Community leaders	19%	28, 31, 34, 35, 36, 51, 54, 65, 67	67%
Medical or healthcare staff	23%	32, 33, 38, 40, 43, 56, 57, 63, 64, 68, 71	55%
Research team	19%	41, 45, 46, 55, 59, 70, 74, 73	67%
Remote delivery (online or mail)	15%	37, 39, 44, 53, 62, 76, 77	71%
Teaching staff (specialising in Physical Education)	2%	42, 69	0%
Not reported	21%	30, 36, 47, 49, 50, 52, 58, 60, 61, 66	90%
Intervention strategy applied †
Education	89%	28, 30, 31, 32, 33, 35, 36, 37, 38, 39, 40, 41, 42, 43, 45, 47, 48, 49, 50, 51, 54, 55, 58, 60, 61, 63, 64, 67, 68, 69, 70, 76, 46, 52, 57, 56, 66, 44, 53, 59, 62, 65, 34, 73, 71	67%
Goal‐setting	40%	28, 30, 31, 38, 39, 50, 51, 54, 55, 60, 61, 68, 74, 36, 37, 77, 53, 34, 73	53%
Reinforcement of positive health behaviours	17%	34, 38, 42, 45, 47, 49, 50, 51, 53, 54, 61, 63, 69, 70, 74, 77	56%
Role modelling	17%	31, 46, 50, 51, 63, 68, 69, 77	63%
Intervention focus
PA only	21%	28, 37, 47, 50, 58, 62, 67, 70, 76, 77	70%
Included other behaviour (e.g. diet, screen time)	79%	28, 30, 31, 32, 33, 35, 36, 38, 39, 40, 43, 45, 48, 49, 51, 53, 54, 55, 56, 57, 59, 60, 66, 68, 69, 74	62%

^# Corresponds with a significant, positive change in outcome (see Supplementary Table 1 for full details)

⁺ Singapore, Mexico, Italy, New Zealand, Canada, Germany

^* Some studies employed both subjective and objective methods to measure physical activity

^† Some studies employed more than one intervention strategy

Brown, H. E. , Atkin, A. J. , Panter, J. , Wong, G. , Chinapaw, M. J. M. , and van Sluijs, E. M. F. (2017) Family‐based interventions to increase physical activity in children: a systematic review, meta‐analysis and realist synthesis. Obesity Reviews, 18: 491–494. doi: 10.1111/obr.12493.