Table 1.
Descriptive characteristics of the study sample by sex.
| All (n = 310) | Men (n = 108) | Women (n = 202) | p * | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age (years) | 20.9 (SD 2.5) | 21.1 (SD 2.8) | 20.7 (SD 2.3) | 0.146 |
| Weight (Kg) | 65.4 (SD 12.3) | 72.6 (SD 10.99) | 61.4 (SD 11.1) | <0.001 |
| Height (cm) | 167.3 (SD 8.6) | 175.3 (SD 7.0) | 162.9 (SD 5.8) | <0.001 |
| Waist circumference (cm) | 78.9 (SD 9.3) | 83.0 (SD 7.9) | 76.6 (SD 9.2) | <0.001 |
| % Fat mass a | 29.3 (SD 9.0) | 20.5 (SD 6.3) | 33.7 (SD 6.7) | <0.001 |
| Total fat mass (Kg) a | 18.7 (SD 7.9) | 14.4 (SD 5.9) | 20.8 (SD 7.9) | <0.001 |
| Total lean mass (Kg) a | 43.0 (SD 9.3) | 53.5 (SD 6.831) | 37.8 (SD 4.9) | <0.001 |
| BMI (Kg/m2) | 23.3 (SD 3.5) | 23.5 (SD 3.03) | 23.1 (SD 3.8) | 0.269 |
| Normal weight (%) | 72.8 | 71.4 | 75.1 | 0.140 |
| Overweight (%) | 21.4 | 26.2 | 19.2 | |
| Obesity (%) | 4.4 | 2.4 | 5.7 | |
| 20 m SRT (stages) | 5.8 (SD 2.6) | 7.0 (SD 1.9) | 3.8 (SD 1.4) | <0.001 |
| CRF (VO2 max estimate) | 33.4 (SD 9.9) | 40.4 (SD 8.9) | 28.7 (SD 7.6) | <0.001 |
| Muscle strength (cm/Kg) b | 0.013 (SD 1.7) | 1.523 (SD 1.2) | −1.050 (SD 1.2) | <0.001 |
| Standing long jump (cm) | 161.2 (SD 43.7) | 195.4 (SD 31.9) | 136.8 (SD 33.5) | <0.001 |
| Dynamometry (kg) | 30.4 (SD 9.5) | 39.2 (SD 7.7) | 24.4 (SD 4.7) | <0.001 |
| Physical activity (min/day) | 223.1 (SD 65.3) | 221.4 (SD 76.9) | 223.6 (SD 67.6) | 0.880 |
| EI (Kcal) | 2795.7 (SD 1804.7) | 2865.9 (SD 1287.0) | 2757.6 (SD 2033.2) | 0.590 |
| Carbohydrate (% EI) | 43.0 (SD 7.1) | 43.1 (SD 6.6) | 42.9 (SD 7.3) | 0.852 |
| Protein (% EI) | 17.4 (SD 3.4) | 17.4 (SD 3.2) | 17.5 (SD 3.6) | 0.749 |
| Fat (% EI) | 38.2 (SD 6.2) | 37.9 (SD 5.9) | 38.3 (SD 6.3) | 0.578 |
| Lifestyle smoking habits (%) | ||||
| Non-smoker | 81.3 | 82 | 80.9 | 0.580 |
| Ex-smoker | 4.5 | 5.7 | 3.9 | |
| Smoker | 14.2 | 12.3 | 15.2 | |
| Lifestyle alcohol habits (%) | 0.173 | |||
| Never | 10.1 | 12.7 | 8.6 | |
| 1–4 times a month | 88.2 | 84.1 | 90.6 | |
| ≥2 times a week | 1.7 | 3.2 | 0.9 | |
| Type of housing (%) | 0.019 | |||
| Family dwelling | 41.3 | 50.4 | 36.4 | |
| University residence | 19.8 | 19.7 | 19.9 | |
| Shared apartment | 38.8 | 29.9 | 43.7 | |
| Adherence Mediterranean diet (%) | 0.090 | |||
| Low adherence | 65.4 | 70.4 | 79.0 | |
| Good adherence | 24.0 | 29.6 | 21.0 | |
| Total Mediterranean diet scores | 7.0 (SD 2.0) | 7.2 (SD 1.9) | 6.9 (SD 2.0) | 0.214 |
Values are the mean and SD. Bold values indicate statistical significance p ≤ 0.05. BMI = body mass index, EI = energy intake. a Subsample, n = 239. b Sum of the standardized z-score of dynamometry/weight and standing long jump. * Student’s t-tests (continuous variables) or chi-squared tests (categorical variables).