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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2019 Dec 12.
Published in final edited form as: Biochemistry. 2017 Jan 17;56(4):612–622. doi: 10.1021/acs.biochem.6b00774

Scheme 2.

Scheme 2.

[2-13C]Pyruvate metabolism in vancomycin-resistant E. faecalis. In absence of vancomycin, [2-13C]pyruvate is utilized for the biosynthesis of l-[2-13C]Ala by alanine transaminase (ALT), then to d-[2-13C]Ala by alanine racemase (AR). [2-13C]pyruvate metabolism to l-[2-13C]Lac by lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) does not occur in VRE under aerobic growth. Following the induction of vancomycin resistance, VanHB catalyzes the biosynthesis of d-[2-13C]Lac.