Table 1.
Land-Use Change and Macaque Ranging Characteristics.
| Period 1 Before clearing |
Period 2 March–April 2014 |
Period 3 May–June 2014 |
Period 4 June–July 2014 |
Period 5 July–Aug 2014 |
Period 6 After clearing |
|
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Land-use characteristics | ||||||
| Forest area (ha) | 669.5 | 664.6 | 646.9 | 610.5 | 574.0 | 574.0 |
| Core forest area excluding edges (ha) | 335.6 | 328.5 | 315.4 | 294.1 | 273.8 | 273.8 |
| Cleared/open areas (ha) | 192.9 | 201.2 | 248.2 | 318.1 | 382.5 | 382.5 |
| Net forest loss (ha) | – | 5.0 | 22.6 | 59.0 | 95.5 | 95.5 |
| Cumulative proportion area cleared (%) | – | 0.6% | 4.0% | 9.1% | 13.7% | 13.7% |
| Macaque ranging | ||||||
| Home range size (ha) | 38.53 | 44.69 | 36.38 | 44.31 | 36.50 | 25.85 |
| Core range size (ha) | 10.29 | 11.98 | 9.69 | 9.97 | 8.24 | 5.67 |
| Distance from houses (median—m) | 310.3 | 284.5 | 248.8 | 285.0 | 346.7 | 421.6 |
| Diffusion rate (global) (m2/s) | 1.52 | 1.13 | 0.97 | 2.78 | 2.46 | 0.81 |
| Forest | 1.08 | 0.60 | 0.55 | 0.52 | 0.65 | 0.35 |
| Farmland | 0.14 | 0.15 | 0.58 | 0.30 | – | – |
| Clearing | – | – | 0.18 | – | – | – |