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. 2019 Dec 16;16:39. doi: 10.1186/s12977-019-0504-z

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© The Author(s) 2019

Open AccessThis article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver (http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) applies to the data made available in this article, funless otherwise stated in a credit line to the data.

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Fig. 2 — Map of Africa showing the general distribution of HTLV-1 genotypes across the continent. The proportion of the different HTLV-1 genotypes and subgroups is presented for each African country. This figure incorporates the information from papers of molecular epidemiology available on PubMed [20, 21, 23–27, 30, 41, 44–46, 55, 68, 135–144]. It also incorporates results from two manuscripts in preparation (Cassar et al. and Filippone et al.), notably concerning the situation in Benin, Sierra Leone, Western Sahara, and Madagascar, where no data were available to our knowledge. Countries without indications have no informative published data on HTLV-1 genotypes between 1994 and 2019. The size of the circles is proportional to the number of strains identified. The smallest size corresponds to 1 characterized strain, the intermediate sizes to a maximum of 5 or 29 strains and the largest to a minimum of 30 strains. HTLV-1a-North African (HTLV-1 a-NA), HTLV-1a-Senegalese (HTLV-1 a-Sen), HTLV-1a-West African (HTLV-1 a-WA), HTLV-1b and HTLV-1a-Transcontinental (HTLV-1 a-TC) are the most common throughout the continent in North, West, Central and the Austral parts respectively. HTLV-1 d, -e, -f and-g have been identified in Central Africa (Cameroon, Central African Republic, and Gabon)