Correlation-contribution discrepancies persist in simulations of complex human gut-based microbiota. (A) Species abundances of the 57 Human Microbiome Project (HMP)-based simulations at the 144-h time point. Species are indicated as follows: phylum Firmicutes, shades of blue; Bacteroidetes, red; Proteobacteria, green; Actinobacteria, purple. (B) Key contributions to metabolite variation across the HMP-based data set, summarized at the level of taxonomic orders and metabolite categories. (C) Performance of correlation analysis for identifying key species-metabolite contributors in the HMP-based data set (solid lines) compared with the original 10-species data set (dashed lines) across various significance levels, using Benjamini-Hochberg false-discovery-rate (FDR)-corrected P values.