Table 2.
Content of selected compounds in gentian herbs and roots a, mg/g of dry plant weight (±S.D.).
| Compound | GAS | GCR | GGE | GPA | GPN | GSE |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Gentian herbs | ||||||
| Iridoids | ||||||
| Loganic Acid | 11.83 ± 0.21 | 3.40 ± 0.06 | 1.97 ± 0.04 | 3.91 ± 0.08 | 2.15 ± 0.04 | 4.07 ± 0.08 |
| Swertiamarin | 1.53 ± 0.03 | tr. | 9.04 ± 0.16 | 83.06 ± 1.66 | tr. | 9.47 ± 0.18 |
| Gelidoside | 0.00 | 0.00 | 7.30 ± 0.14 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 4.66 ± 0.09 |
| Gentiopicroside | 91.74 ± 1.85 | 14.77 ± 0.29 | 4.41 ± 0.08 | 79.65 ± 1.59 | 40.74 ± 0.81 | 5.08 ± 0.10 |
| Sweroside | tr. | tr. | tr. | tr. | tr. | tr. |
| Trifloroside | 0.00 | 0.00 | 2.68 ± 0.05 | 5.72 ± 0.11 | 0.00 | 1.87 ± 0.04 |
| Subtotal Iridoids | 105.10 | 18.17 | 25.40 | 172.34 | 42.89 | 25.15 |
| Flavonoids | ||||||
| Isovitexin | 0.89 ± 0.02 | 2.27 ± 0.04 | 1.05 ± 0.02 | 0.71 ± 0.02 | 0.70 ± 0.02 | 3.59 ± 0.07 |
| Isovitexin-2″-O-Glc | 1.81 ± 0.04 | 2.40 ± 0.05 | 1.39 ± 0.03 | 3.05 ± 0.06 | 1.24 ± 0.02 | 7.03 ± 0.14 |
| Saponarin | 1.25 ± 0.03 | 1.42 ± 0.03 | tr. | 2.02 ± 0.04 | 1.09 ± 0.02 | 0.83 ± 0.02 |
| Apigenin-7-O-Glc | 2.52 ± 0.07 | 0.47 ± 0.01 | 0.67 ± 0.01 | 0.91 ± 0.02 | tr. | tr. |
| Isoorientin | 18.85 ± 0.37 | 4.78 ± 0.09 | 33.59 ± 0.67 | 8.85 ± 0.17 | 21.26 ± 0.42 | 17.22 ± 0.34 |
| Isoorientin-2″-O-Glc | 40.62 ± 0.73 | 16.05 ± 0.32 | 15.16 ± 0.30 | 18.76 ± 0.37 | 4.53 ± 0.09 | 19.63 ± 0.39 |
| Isoorientin-6″-O-Glc | 0.00 | 0.00 | 3.22 ± 0.06 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 8.59 ± 0.17 |
| Luteolin-7-O-Glc | 1.33 ± 0.02 | tr. | 0.78 ± 0.02 | 1.79 ± 0.03 | 1.79 ± 0.03 | 2.52 ± 0.05 |
| Isoscoparin | 0.00 | 0.00 | 1.14 ± 0.02 | 0.00 | 1.94 ± 0.04 | 0.40 ± 0.01 |
| Subtotal Flavonoids | 67.27 | 27.39 | 57.00 | 36.09 | 32.55 | 59.81 |
| Xanthones | ||||||
| Mangiferin | 17.48 ± 0.33 | 5.75 ± 0.11 | 0.00 | 6.45 ± 0.12 | 3.03 ± 0.06 | 0.00 |
| Subtotal Xanthones | 17.48 | 5.75 | 0.00 | 6.45 | 3.03 | 0.00 |
| Total Phenolic Compounds | 84.75 | 33.14 | 57.00 | 42.54 | 35.58 | 59.81 |
| Total Compounds | 189.85 | 51.31 | 82.40 | 214.88 | 78.47 | 84.96 |
| Gentian roots | ||||||
| Iridoids | ||||||
| Loganic Acid | 11.75 ± 0.23 | 17.31 ± 0.34 | 6.14 ± 0.12 | 8.25 ± 0.16 | 11.28 ± 0.22 | 8.43 ± 0.16 |
| Swertiamarin | 5.87 ± 0.11 | 2.63 ± 0.05 | 3.47 ± 0.07 | 3.53 ± 0.07 | 3.91 ± 0.08 | 3.83 ± 0.07 |
| Gelidoside | 0.00 | 0.75 ± 0.02 | 1.53 ± 0.03 | 0.42 ± 0.01 | 0.81 ± 0.02 | 1.92 ± 0.04 |
| Gentiopicroside | 64.71 ± 1.29 | 57.51 ± 1.15 | 61.37 ± 1.22 | 62.76 ± 1.25 | 56.16 ± 1.14 | 75.90 ± 1.51 |
| Gentiopicroside-6″-O-Glc | 1.24 ± 0.02 | 0.61 ± 0.01 | 1.21 ± 0.02 | 0.00 | 0.84 ± 0.02 | 5.85 ± 0.11 |
| Sweroside | tr. | 3.84 ± 0.07 | tr. | 3.81 ± 0.07 | 2.40 ± 0.04 | 2.15 ± 0.04 |
| Trifloroside | 0.00 | 0.54 ± 0.01 | 7.07 ± 0.14 | 3.42 ± 0.06 | 2.05 ± 0.04 | 5.60 ± 0.11 |
| Subtotal Iridoids | 83.57 | 83.19 | 80.79 | 82.19 | 77.45 | 103.68 |
| Flavonoids | ||||||
| Isoorientin-2″-O-Glc | 4.43 ± 0.08 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 |
| Subtotal Flavonoids | 4.43 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 |
| Xanthones | ||||||
| Gentioside | 0.75 ± 0.02 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 |
| Subtotal Xanthones | 0.75 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 |
| Total Phenolic Compounds | 5.18 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 |
| Total Compounds | 88.75 | 83.19 | 80.79 | 82.19 | 77.45 | 103.68 |
a Gentian species: GAS—Gentiana asclepiadea, GCR—Gentiana cruciata, GGE—Gentiana gelida, GPA—Gentiana paradoxa, GPN—Gentiana pneumonanthe, GSE—Gentiana septemfida. “tr.”—trace content (<LOQ). Abbreviation used: Glc—glucose.