Table 2.
Univariate analysis of clinicopathological features: deep learning classified cancer cases versus misclassified cancer cases. PSA = Prostate-specific antigen, TPV = Total prostate volume, PSAD = PSA density, WBC = White blood cell, Hb = Hemoglobin, Plt = Platelet, LDH = Lactate dehydrogenase, ALP = Alkaline phosphatase, Ca = Calcium, SD = Standard deviation.
| Cancer Cases: N = 54 | Classified Cases | Misclassified Cases | Univariate (p Value) |
|---|---|---|---|
| Number of cases, (%) | 92.6 | 7.4 | |
| Age, years, mean ± SD | 67.4 ± 6.9 | 67.5 ± 7.3 | 0.96 |
| PSA, ng/mL, mean ± SD | 14.2 ± 11.9 | 21.6 ± 13.5 | 0.07 |
| TPV, mL, mean ± SD | 27.9 ± 10.7 | 23.0 ± 10.2 | 0.66 |
| PSAD, ng/mL/cm3, mean ± SD | 0.59 ± 0.64 | 1.17 ± 0.85 | 0.07 |
| Gleason score, (%) | 0.03 | ||
| <8 | 60.0 | 0.0 | |
| ≥8 | 40.0 | 100.0 | |
| Clinical stage, (%) | 0.21 | ||
| ≤T2 | 80.0 | 50.0 | |
| ≥T3 | 20.0 | 50.0 | |
| Pathological stage, (%) | 0.63 | ||
| ≤T2 | 44.0 | 25.0 | |
| ≥T3 | 56.0 | 75.0 | |
| WBC, 103/μL, mean ± SD | 6074 ± 1248 | 5150 ± 656 | 0.12 |
| Hb, g/dl, mean ± SD | 14.5 ± 1.2 | 13.8 ± 0.7 | 0.08 |
| Plt, 103/μL, mean ± SD | 21.8 ± 5.0 | 18.3 ± 2.5 | 0.14 |
| LDH, U/L, mean ± SD | 180 ± 34.9 | 179 ± 45.4 | 0.93 |
| ALP, U/L, mean ± SD | 208 ± 56 | 249 ± 161 | 0.75 |
| Ca, mg/dL, mean ± SD | 9.3 ± 0.43 | 9.1 ± 0.26 | 0.29 |