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. 2019 Oct 23;11(11):549. doi: 10.3390/pharmaceutics11110549

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© 2019 by the authors.

Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).

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In vivo assessment of micro-pigment-encapsulated biodegradable microneedles (PBMs) in mice. (a) The dorsal skin of mice was shaved and implanted with PBMs. The visual intensity of the micro-pigments was maintained up to 28 days post-implantation. (b) Micro-pigments were visible on the dorsal skin after hair growth. (c) The dimension of microdots were expanded on day 1 and declined from day 7. (d) Diffusion rings surrounding the microdots were relatively small, with no significant alternations over time. (e) Transepidermal water loss (TEWL) analysis of mice at the implantation site confirmed that skin barrier functionality was restored at 2 h post-implantation with PBMs. Data in (c–e) are expressed as the mean ± SEM. * p < 0.05, and *** p < 0.001.