Figure 4.

ZnO nanorod enhancement of ADSC proliferation based on the activation of ERK. (A) Proliferation (%) of ADSCs using ZnO nanorods at concentrations ranging from 1.56 to 25 μg/mL and (B) ERK protein expression with and without phosphorylation determined using the western blotting method. * p < 0.05; ** p < 0.01. Reproduced with permission from Jin et al., Tissue Engineering Part C: Methods; published by Mary Ann Liebert, Inc., 2016. from ref [178]. Abbreviations: ZnO, zinc oxide; ADSC, adipose-derived stem cell; ERK, extracellular-signal-regulated kinase.