Table 2:
Percent differences (%D) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) of diurnal biomarker components comparing participants with a cumulative physical and sexual child abuse (CA) history of high-severe (N=104) to none-moderate (N=113, reference group).
| N=217 | Model 1 | Model 2 | Model 3 | Model 4 | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| %D | 95% CI | %D | 95% CI | %D | 95% CI | %D | 95% CI | |
| Cortisol | ||||||||
| Waking level a | 1.6 | −15.7, 22.5 | −1.4 | −18.4, 19.1 | −5.0 | −21.6, 15.1 | −7.7 | −23.8, 11.8 |
| Awakening response b | 3.0 | −22.1, 36.0 | 3.5 | −21.7, 36.8 | 3.6 | −22.0, 37.7 | 3.7 | −22.0, 37.8 |
| Early decline c | 4.1 | −2.4, 10.9 | 4.2 | −2.3, 11.0 | 5.7 | −1.0, 12.8 | 5.7 | −1.0, 12.8 |
| Late decline d | −2.5 | −4.8, −0.2 | −2.6 | −4.8, −0.2 | −2.5 | −4.8, −0.1 | −2.5 | −4.8, −0.1 |
| Night rise e | 17.6 | −13.6, 60.1 | 17.4 | −13.8, 59.9 | 22.2 | −10.4, 66.6 | 22.1 | −10.5, 66.5 |
| AUC f | 0.5 | −1.8, 2.9 | 0.1 | −2.3, 2.5 | 0.2 | −2.3, 2.7 | −0.2 | −2.7, 2.2 |
| Overall slope g | −0.6 | −2.3, 1.0 | −0.7 | −2.3, 1.0 | −0.3 | −2.0, 1.4 | −0.3 | −2.0, 1.4 |
| Dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) | ||||||||
| Waking level | 12.7 | −13.9, 47.5 | 8.8 | −16.7, 42.1 | 12.1 | −15.7, 49.2 | 12.8 | −15.3, 50.3 |
| Awakening response | −11.3 | −31.4, 14.7 | −11.2 | −31.1, 14.3 | −10.6 | −31.1, 16.0 | −10.6 | −31.1, 16.0 |
| Early decline | 10.2 | 3.9, 16.8 | 10.1 | 3.9, 16.6 | 10.6 | 4.2, 17.5 | 10.7 | 4.3, 17.5 |
| Late decline | −3.7 | −5.8, −1.6 | −3.8 | −5.8, −1.7 | −3.9 | −6.0, −1.8 | −3.9 | −6.0, −1.8 |
| Night rise | 25.5 | −5.6, 66.8 | 30.0 | −1.8, 72.1 | 33.1 | 0.0, 77.2 | 32.7 | −0.3, 76.6 |
| AUC | 2.1 | −1.9, 6.1 | 1.4 | −2.6, 5.5 | 2.1 | −2.2, 6.4 | 2.2 | −2.1, 6.5 |
| Overall slope | −0.5 | −2.1, 1.0 | −0.6 | −2.1, 1.0 | −0.6 | −2.1, 1.0 | −0.6 | −2.1, 1.0 |
| Cortisol to DHEA ratio | ||||||||
| Waking level | −10.0 | −30.6, 16.8 | −9.4 | −30.0, 17.2 | −15.5 | −35.3, 10.4 | −17.6 | −37.2, 8.1 |
| Awakening response | 16.3 | −11.1, 52.2 | 16.6 | −10.7, 52.1 | 16.1 | −11.2, 51.7 | 16.2 | −11.1, 51.9 |
| Early decline | −5.5 | −11.1, 0.5 | −5.4 | −10.9, 0.5 | −4.5 | −10.2, 1.5 | −4.5 | −10.2, 1.5 |
| Late decline | 1.2 | −1.0, 3.3 | 1.2 | −1.0, 3.3 | 1.4 | −0.7, 3.7 | 1.4 | −0.7, 3.7 |
| Night rise | −5.0 | −28.0, 25.5 | −7.5 | −29.9, 25.0 | −8.5 | −30.7, 20.8 | −8.4 | −30.6, 21.0 |
| AUC | −1.6 | −5.7, 2.5 | −1.4 | −5.5, 2.7 | −2.0 | −6.2, 2.3 | −2.4 | −6.7, 2.0 |
| Overall slope | −0.1 | −1.5, 1.2 | −0.1 | −1.5, 1.2 | 0.2 | −1.2, 1.6 | 0.2 | −1.2, 1.6 |
Values in bold are statistically significant at the alpha 0.05 level
biomarker level at awakening
change in biomarker from awakening to 45 minutes after awakening
change in biomarker from 45 minutes after awakening to 4 hours after awakening
change in biomarker from 4 hours after awakening to 16 hours after awakening
change in biomarker from 16 hours after awakening to bedtime
area under the curve, total biomarker levels from wake time to 16 hours after awakening
change in biomarker from awakening to bedtime
Model 1=unadjusted; Model 2=Age, four or more PTSD symptoms, saliva collection characteristics (ate, drank, brushed, exercised, happy, or worried); Model 3=Model 2 + history of shiftwork, BMI, hypertension, type 2 diabetes, sleep apnea, smoking, caffeine, alcohol intake, insomnia, and poor sleep; Model 4= Model 3 + history of physician diagnosed depression, anxiety, beta-blocker use, minor tranquilizer use, oral steroid use, DHEA medication, surgical ovary removal, and current hormone use