Table 3.
Characteristics of the RCTs conducted within the frame of the PREDIMED study, investigating the role of Mediterranean Diet (MD) on neurologic disorders and other various conditions.
| Aim of the Study | Number of Subjects | Follow-Up Median (Years) | Main Results of the Study | 1st Author, Journal, Year |
Ref. |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Neurologic Disorders | |||||
| Effect of MD on cognition | 522 | 6.5 |
|
Martínez-Lapiscina et al. J. Neurol. Neurosurg Psychiatry 2013 |
[43] |
| Effect of MD on Mild Cognitive Impairment (MCI) | 268 | 6.5 |
|
Martínez-Lapiscina et al. J. Nutr. Health Aging 2013 |
[44] |
| Effects of MD on depression risk | 3923 | 5.4 |
|
Sánchez-Villegas et al. BMC medicine 2013 |
[45] |
| Effect of MD on plasma Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor (BDNF) levels | 243 | 3 |
|
Sánchez-Villegas et al. Nutr. Neurosci. 2011 |
[46] |
| Other Conditions | |||||
| MD effect on liver steatosis | 100 | 3.0 |
|
Pintó et al. J. Nutr. 2019 |
[47] |
| MD effects on the Fatty Liver Index (FLI) | 276 | 6.0 |
|
Cueto-Galán et al. Med. Clin. 2017 |
[48] |
| Incidence of cataract surgery | 5802 | 5.9 |
|
García-Layana et al. Nutrients 2017 |
[49] |
| Effect of MD on HDL properties | 296 | 1.0 |
|
Hernáez et al. Circulation 20 |
[50] |
| Effect of the MD on inflammatory markers related to atherogenesis | 160 | 3.0 5.0 |
|
Casas et al. J. Nutr. 2016 |
[51] |
| Effect of MD on telomere lenght | 520 | 5.0 |
|
García-Calzón et al. Clin. Nutr. 2016 |
[52] |
| Breast cancer incidence | 4282 | 4.8 |
|
Toledo et al. JAMA int. Med., 2015 |
[53] |
| MD effect on lipoprotein subfractions | 169 | 1.0 |
|
Damasceno et al. Atherosclerosis 2013 |
[54] |
| Effect of MD on plasma Non-Enzymatic Antioxidant Capacity (NEAC) | 564 | 1.0 |
|
Zamora-Ros et al. Nutr. Metab. Cardiovasc Dis. 2013 |
[55] |
| Effect of the MD on systemic oxidative biomarkers in MetS individuals | 110 female participants with the diagnosis of MetS | 1.0 |
|
Mitjavila et al. Clin. Nutr. 2013 |
[56] |
| Effects of MD on apolipoproteins B, A-I, and their ratio | 551 | 0.25 |
|
Solá et al. Atherosclerosis 2011 |
[57] |
| Effects of MD on VLDL concentration | 50 | 0.25 |
|
Perona et al. J. Nutr. Biochem. 2010 |
[58] |
| Phytosterol intake from natural foods association with a cholesterol- lowering effect of MD | 106 | 1.0 |
|
Escurriol et al. Europ. J. Nutr. 2009 |
[59] |
| Effects of MD on in vivo lipoprotein oxidation | 372 | 0.25 |
|
Fitó et al. Arch. Int. Med. 2007 |
[60] |
ApoA: Apolipoprotein A; ApoB: Apolipoprotein B; EVOO: Extra Virgin Olive Oil; FLI: Frally Liver Index; GSH-Px: Glutathione peroxidase; HDL: High-Density Lipoprotein; HR: Hazard Ratio; hs-CRP: high sensitivity C-Reactive Protein IDL: Intermediate-Density Lipoprotein; IL-6: Interleukin 6; LDL: Low-Density Lipoprotein; MCP-1: Monocyte Chemotactic Protein 1; MD: Mediterranean Diet; NEAC: Non-Enzymatic Antioxidant Capacity; OR: Odds Ratio; ns: not significant; OxLDL: Oxidized Low-Density Lipoprotein; TNF- Α: Tumor Necrosis Factor Alpha; VLDL: Very-Low-Density Lipoprotein.