Table 4.
What kind of dietary supplements are you giving your child? (%).
| Boys (n = 647) | Girls (n = 507) | p-Value 2 | |||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| n | 1–3 Years (57) |
4–6 Years (92) |
ES 1st–3rd (118) |
ES 4th–6th (126) |
JHS (131) |
HS (123) |
p-Value 1 | n | 1–3 Years (38) |
4–6 Years (65) |
ES 1st–3rd (75) |
ES 4th–6th (73) |
JHS (131) |
HS (125) |
p-Value 1 | ||
| Vitamin/Mineral | |||||||||||||||||
| Multi-vitamins and minerals | 35 | 3.5 | 3.3 | 6.8 | 4.0 | 6.9 | 6.5 | 0.70 | 24 | 5.3 | - | 2.7 | 6.8 | 6.1 | 5.6 | - | 0.61 |
| Multi-vitamins | 57 | 12.3 | 13.0 | 10.2 | 4.8 | 6.9 | 8.9 | 0.27 | 58 | 7.9 | 9.2 | 14.7 | 6.8 | 11.5 | 14.4 | 0.53 | 0.14 |
| Individual vitamin | 49 | 3.5 | 4.3 | 6.8 | 5.6 | 10.7 | 11.4 | 0.16 | 61 | 2.6 | 6.2 | 14.7 | 6.8 | 12.2 | 19.2 | 0.02 | 0.01 |
| Multi-minerals | 5 | - | - | 0.8 | 0.8 | 0.8 | 1.6 | - | 5 | 2.6 | 1.5 | - | 2.7 | - | 0.8 | - | - |
| Individual mineral | 67 | 12.3 | 5.4 | 10.2 | 8.7 | 12.2 | 13.0 | 0.49 | 64 | 7.9 | 7.7 | 4.0 | 16.4 | 17.6 | 14.4 | 0.04 | 0.23 |
| Any type | 193 | 31.6 | 26.1 | 30.5 | 22.2 | 31.3 | 37.4 | 0.17 | 186 | 26.3 | 21.5 | 34.7 | 34.2 | 42.7 | 44.0 | 0.02 | 0.01 |
| Non-Vitamin, Non-Mineral | |||||||||||||||||
| Probiotics | 118 | 15.8 | 35.9 | 19.5 | 19.0 | 14.5 | 8.1 | <0.01 | 94 | 31.6 | 30.8 | 24.0 | 17.8 | 16.8 | 7.2 | <0.01 | 0.90 |
| Growth-promoting | 98 | 12.3 | 8.7 | 16.1 | 20.6 | 19.1 | 10.6 | 0.08 | 26 | 5.3 | 6.2 | 10.7 | 9.6 | 2.3 | 1.6 | - | <0.01 |
| Protein/Amino acid | 38 | 1.8 | - | 0.8 | 8.7 | 8.4 | 11.4 | <0.01 | 14 | 2.6 | 3.1 | 5.3 | 5.5 | 0.8 | 1.6 | - | 0.01 |
| Academic enhancement | 21 | 3.5 | 4.3 | 2.5 | 3.2 | 6.1 | - | - | 14 | 2.6 | 6.2 | 5.3 | 1.4 | 2.3 | 0.8 | - | 0.63 |
| Botanical nutrients/Aojiru 1 | 39 | 3.5 | - | 5.9 | 7.9 | 6.9 | 8.9 | 0.10 | 22 | 7.9 | 1.5 | 2.7 | 4.1 | 5.3 | 4.8 | - | 0.20 |
| n-3 PUFA | 39 | 8.8 | 3.3 | 5.9 | 9.5 | 3.8 | 5.7 | 0.32 | 21 | 5.3 | 4.6 | 2.7 | 4.1 | 1.5 | 7.2 | - | 0.15 |
| Cod liver oil | 25 | 8.8 | 6.5 | 5.1 | 4.8 | 1.5 | - | - | 17 | 2.6 | 12.3 | 6.7 | 1.4 | 1.5 | - | - | 0.65 |
| Eye care 2 | 19 | - | - | 2.5 | 3.2 | 4.6 | 4.9 | - | 16 | - | - | 1.3 | 4.1 | 6.9 | 2.4 | - | 0.83 |
| Skin repairing | 5 | - | - | 0.8 | - | 2.3 | 0.8 | - | 7 | - | - | - | - | 0.8 | 4.8 | - | 0.31 |
| Weight loss | 0 | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | 3 | - | - | - | - | 0.8 | 1.6 | - | - |
| Others | 96 | 12.3 | 15.2 | 18.6 | 12.7 | 16.0 | 13.0 | - | 99 | 15.4 | 10.7 | 16.4 | 19.8 | 31.2 | 15.6 | - | - |
1 Statistical analyses were conducted among age groups using chi-square test. 2 Statistical analyses were conducted among boys and girls using chi-square test. PUFA: Polyunsaturated fatty acid. 1 A powdered drink mix made from green leafy vegetables such as young leaves of Angelica keiskei (Miq.) Koidz and Barley, and Brassica oleracea L. var. acephala DC. 2 Products containing anthocyanin, lutein, and zeaxanthin. Note: Multiple answers.