Table 4.

Mechanisms whereby different diets regulate oxidative stress and oxidative damage.

Oxidative Stress Oxidative Damage	Mechanism	Diet	Reference
Maintenance	Mitochondrial H2O2 production Aconitase activity Protein carbonylation	High-fat (28% saturated, 57% monounsaturated and 13% polyunsaturated fatty acids)	[165]
Induction	Lipid peroxidation	High-fat (trans-fatty acids)	[262]
	Lipid peroxidation	High-fat (C16 and C18)	[263] [264]
	Reactive oxygen species (ROS) production Lipid peroxidation Protein carbonylation	High-fat and high-cholesterol diet	[265] [174]
	Cellular ROS production Mitochondrial ROS production Lipid peroxidation	Methionine-choline deficient diet	[266] [267] [268]
	Lipid peroxidation Nitrotyrosine	High-fructose diet	[269]
	Mitochondrial ROS production Lipid peroxidation	High-fat and high-fructose diet	[270]
	Superoxide generation Mitochondrial NADPH oxidase 4 (NOX4)	High-fat and high-sucrose diet	[167]
	Lipid peroxidation	Copper deficient diet	[271]