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. 2020 Jan 3;28:105072. doi: 10.1016/j.dib.2019.105072

Dataset on the existence of andisols under aridic-hyperthermic environments in the harrats region of the Arabian Shield

Magboul M Sulieman a,b,∗, Abdelazeem Sh Sallam a, Abdullah S Al-farraj a, Eric C Brevik c,d
PMCID: PMC6950784  PMID: 31921955

Abstract

The data from twelve representative soil profiles on six harrats (two profiles from each Harrat) within the Arabian Shield are presented, including full morphological descriptions made during the field the soil survey. A number of selected physicochemical and mineralogical analyses were also conducted in the laboratory and the data were interpreted to examine the possibility of the presence of andic/vitric soil properties in the studied soils, and thus the existence of Andisols in the harrats soils. The existence of andic/vitric properties in soils is not typical of regions characterized by aridic and hyperthermic soil moisture and temperature regimes, respectively, and is probably due to the influence of paleoclimatic conditions. The data is available online for further reuse and to provide a better understanding of the findings linked to this research.

Keywords: Volcanic soils, Aridic-hyperthermic environments, Poorly-crystalline minerals, Arabian shield, Andic soil properties

Specifications Table

Subject Soil science: Pedology.
More specific subject area Soil classification.
Type of data Table, image.
How data were acquired The field data for the morphological properties of the representative profiles were acquired during a soil survey, carried out in April-2017 using standard guidelines for soil profile description. Data on the physicochemical properties were acquired using standard soil laboratory methods, while the clay mineralogical composition data were acquired using selective dissolutions, XRD, TG, ATR/FTIR, SEM and TEM techniques.
Data format Raw, analysed
Experimental factors Soil samples were air dried (20–22 °C), ground (excluding rock fragments and concretions), screened through a 2 mm sieve and divided into representative subsamples using a riffle splitter.
Experimental features The physicochemical soil samples from the different horizons (2 samples from each horizon resulting in a total of 102 samples)of the representative profiles were analysed using standard soil laboratory methods, while selected soil samples were analysed for mineralogical composition using selective dissolutions, XRD, TG, ATR/FTIR, SEM and TEM techniques and linked to the paleoclimatic conditions in the area to examine the presence of andic/vitric soil properties and thus the existence of Andisols.
Data source location Harrat Ithnayn (26°46ʹ76ʺ N, 40°03ʹ55ʺ E), Harrat Kurma (24°31′60″ N, 40°7′60″ E), Harrat Rahat (24°25ʹ28ʺ N, 39°31ʹ06ʺ E), Harrat Khaybar (25°44ʹ04ʺ N, 39°58ʹ51ʺ E), Harrat Kishb (23°12ʹ00ʺ N, 41°20ʹ14ʺ E) and Harrat Hutaymah (26°58′48″ N, 42°24′00″ E), Arabian Shield, Saudi Arabia.
Data accessibility The data is provided in this article.
Related research article Magboul Sulieman, Abdelazeem Sallam, Abdullah Al-farraj, Eric Brevik. First evidence for the presence of Andisols in the dry-hot environment of the Arabian Shield. Geoderma 2019. (https://doi.org/10.1016/j.geoderma.2019.114068).
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Value of the Data
  • •

    The data showed that andic/vitric soil properties and poorly-crystalline minerals were present in soils of the harrats region, and the soils were thus classified as Andisols.

  • •

    The data is a valuable resource for pedologists and soil scientists in general to gain a better understanding of the role of paleoclimate on soil formation.

  • •

    The dataset can be considered a guideline and a point of comparison for future research on soils in similar geoenvironmental settings around the world.

  • •

    The presence of Andisols in the studied area was attributed to the influence of the paleoclimatic conditions.

  • •

    The data given in this article is a brief explanation of the data attributed to the research article titled “First evidence for the presence of Andisols in the dry-hot environment of the Arabian Shield” which accepted in 2019 by Geoderma (https://doi.org/10.1016/j.geoderma.2019.114068).

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1. Data

Fig. 1 gives an overview of some of the features and profiles in the study area. Table 1 gives detailed information for selected environmental characteristics of the selected representative soil profiles in the study area. Table 2 presents the morphological descriptions of the representative soil profiles. Table 3, Table 4 illustrate the physicochemical properties data for the representative soil profiles. Table 5 shows data from the selective dissolutions analysis and P-retention of the representative soil profiles. Table 6 shows data on the most important ratios of selective dissolutions analysis and calculated allophane and ferrihydrite concentrations for the studied profiles. Table 7 presents the index values for the andic soil properties in the studied representative profiles.

Fig. 1.

Fig. 1

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An overview of some of the soil features in the study area showing; a surface cover of basalt fragments (A), irrigated date palm farm with saline water from the main weel (B), profile HPN02 on the sabkha landform (C) and profile HPN35 in a hillslope position (D).

Table 1.

Site characteristics for selected representative profiles from different harrats within the Arabian Shield, Saudi Arabia.

Site Profile Coordinates WGS 84 (N/E) Elevation m a.s.l. Parent material Land form
/position		 Geological age Natural Vegetation Land use Land cover
Harrat Kishb HKP01 22.2875/41.0672 1015 Basaltic rocks Ap 2.4 ± 0.8 Ma Acacia spp. Range land Rock fragments
HKP02 22.6809/41.1510 1013 Basaltic rocks Lv 2.4 ± 0.8 Ma Acacia spp. Range land Rock fragments
Harrat Rahat HRP03 23.1316/39.5911 1031 Basaltic rocks Lv 10 Ma Acacia spp. Range land Rock fragments
HRP04 24.2843/39.4543 775 Basaltic rocks Lv 10 Ma Acacia spp. Range land Rock fragments
Harrat Kurma HKuP05 24.3668/40.1980 759 Basaltic rocks Ap 20 ± 2 Ma Acacia spp. Range land Rock fragments
HKuP06 24.2809/40.4960 817 Basaltic rocks As,Dg 20 ± 2 Ma Acacia spp. Range land Rock fragments
Harrat Khaybar HKhP07 25.3810/42.2324 1112 Basaltic rocks As,Dg 5 Ma Acacia spp. Range land Rock fragments
HKhP08 25.3811/39.1926 764 Basaltic rocks Lv 5 Ma Acacia spp. Range land Rock fragments
Harrat Ithanyn HThP09 26.1662/40.2090 1172 Basaltic rocks Lv 3 Ma Acacia spp. Range land Rock fragments
HThP10 26.1739/40.1660 1169 Basaltic rocks Lv 3 Ma Acacia spp. Range land Rock fragments
Harrat Hutaymah HHuP11 26.9415/42.0980 1054 Basaltic rocks Pr 1.8 Ma Acacia spp. Range land Rock fragments
HHuP12 26.3380/41.4020 1050 Basaltic rocks Pp,Pt 1.8 Ma Acacia spp. Range land Rock fragments
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Symbols: Ap = alluvial plain, Lv = lava field, Sbkh = Sabkha, As, Dg = active slope, Pp, Pt = pediplain with deep soils, Pr = pediplain with shallow soils.

Table 2.

Morphological properties of selected representative profiles from different harrats of the Arabian Shield.

Profile Horizon Depth (cm) Matrix color
Munsell moist		 Texturea
 Structureb Rootsc HCl effervescenced Consistencee
Moist		 Biological activityf Horizon
Boundaryg
Field
HKP01 A 0–10 7.5 YR 3/3 S SG 1 1 VF M C, SM
Bw 10–25 7.5 YR 3/4 SL 1, M, ABK 1 1 FR W C, SM
Bw1 25–55 7.5 YR 3/4 SL 1, M, ABK 1 1 FR W C, SM
Bw2 55–80 7.5 YR 3/4 SL 1, M, ABK 1 2 FR W
HKP02 A 0–15 10 YR 3/2 SL 1, M, GR 1 3 FR M C, SM
Bw1 15–45 7.5 YR 3/4 SL 1, M, ABK 1 3 FR W C, SM
Bw2 45–70 7.5 YR 3/4 SL 1, M, ABK 1 2 FR W C, SM
C 70+ 7.5 YR 3/4 SL MA 0 3 FR W
HRP03 A 0–10 10 YR 3/2 SL MA 1 1 VF W C, SM
AB 10–40 2.5 YR 2.5/2 SL MA 0 2 VF N A, SM
Bw 40–65 10 YR 3/1 LS MA 0 2 VF N A, SM
Bw2 65–115 2.5 YR 3/2 SL MA 0 1 VF N A, SM
C 115–130 7.5 YR 2.5/2 LS MA 0 1 VF N
HRP04 A 0–20 7.5 YR 4/4 SCL 1, F, SBK 1 1 FR W C, SM
Bw 20–66 7.5 YR 4/4 L 2, M, GR 1 3 FR N D, SM
C 66–95 7.5 YR 4/4 L 1, M, GR 0 1 FR N
HKuP05 A 0–23 7.5 YR 3/4 L 2, M, GR 2 1 VF M C, W
Bw1 23–45 10 YR 4/4 SL 1, M, SBK 1 2 FR W C, W
Bw2 45–60 10YR 3/2 LS 2, M, ABK 0 1 VF N C, W
C 60+ 10YR 3/4 SL 1, M, SBK 0 2 FR N
HKuP06 A 0–5 7.5 YR 3/4 LS 2, F, GR 2 1 FR M C, SM
Bw1 5–20 10 YR 4/4 SL 1, M, SBK 1 2 FR M C, SM
Bw2 20–50 10YR 3/2 SL 1, M, ABK 1 3 FR W C, SM
C1 50–62 10YR 3/2 SL 1, M, ABK 0 4 FR N C, SM
C2 62+ 7.5 YR 4/4 L 2, M, ABK 0 4 VF N
HKhP07 A 0–22 5YR 3/4 C 1, F, SBK 1 1 VF M A, SM
Bw 22–47 5YR 3/3 CL 3, M, SBK 1 3 VF W C, SM
C 47–75 2.5YR 3/4 SCL 1, F, SBK 1 1 FR W D, IR
C2 75–110 5YR 3/4 L 1, F, SBK 1 1 VF W
HKhP08 C 0–25 7.5 YR 4/6 C 2, M, SBK 1 1 VF M D, SM
ABz 25–45 10 YR 4/6 C MA 0 3 VF W A, SM
Cz 45–70 5 YR 3/4 C 1, F, AB 1 1 VF W D, SM
2Bwz 70–95 2.5 YR 4/2 CL MA 0 2 VF W D, SM
2Cz 95–120 10 YR 3/3 CL MA 0 2 VF W C, SM
2C2 120+ 2.5 YR 5/4 CL MA 1 1 VF W
HThP09 A 0–15 10YR 3/2 SL 1, M, GR 3 3 FR M C, SM
Bw1 15–35 10YR 3/2 SL 1, F, ABK 2 3 VR W C, SM
Bw2 35–60 10YR 3/2 SL 1, M, ABK 1 3 FR W C, SM
C1 60–85 10YR 3/2 SL MA 0 2 FR W C, SM
C2 85+ 7.5 YR 3/4 L MA 0 1 VF N
HThP10 A 0–15 10YR 3/2 SL 1, M, GR 1 2 FR M C, SM
Bw1 15–35 10YR 3/2 SL 1, F, ABK 1 2 FR M C, SM
Bw2 35–50 10YR 3/2 SL 1, M, ABK 0 2 FR W
HHuP11 A 0–10 10 YR 4/4 LS 1, F, ABK 1 1 FR W C, SM
Bw1 10–38 10 YR 3/6 LS 2, F, ABK 0 1 FR N D, SM
Bw2 38–70 10 YR 3/6 CL 2, F, ABK 0 2 VF N C, SM
C 70+ 7.5 YR 4/4 SC 3, M, SBK 0 1 FR N
HHuP12 A 0–20 5 YR 3/4 LS 1, F, ABK 1 2 FR W D, SM
Bw1 20–45 5 YR 3/4 LS 2, F, ABK 0 2 FR N D, SM
Bw2 45–75 7.5 YR 3/4 SL 2, F, ABK 0 1 FR N D, SM
C 75+ 5 YR 3/4 LS 3, M, SBK 0 1 FR N
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a

Field texture: S = Sand; SL = sandy loam; LS = loamy sand; SCL = sandy clay loam; L = loam; CL = clay loam; C = clay.

b

Structure: 1 = weak; 2 = moderate; 3 = strong; F = fine; M = medium; C = coarse; SBK = subangular blocky; ABK = angular blocky; GR = granular; SG = Single grain; MA = massive.

c

Roots abundance: 0 = none; 1 = few (2–20%); 2 = common (20–50%); 3 = many (>50%).

d

HCl effervescence: 1 = slight; 2 = moderate; 3 = strong; 4 = very strong.

e

Consistence: FR = firm; VF = very firm .

f

Biological activity: N = none; W = weak; M = moderate.

g

Boundary: C = clear; D = diffuse; A = abrupt; SM = smooth; IR = irregular.

Table 3.

Texture, particle size distribution, water retention, bulk density and soil pH by horizon in the selected representative profiles from different harrats of the Arabian Shield.

Profile Horizon Depth cm Sand
 Silt
 Clay
 Textural Class
 Water retention
 BDb
 pH
50–2000 μm
 2–50 μm
 <2 μm
 1–2 μm
 0.1–1 μm
g kg⁻1 NRCS, USDAa 33 kPa (%) 15,00 kPa (%) Mg m⁻3 H2O CaCl2 KCl NaF
HKP01 A 0–10 832.4 120.7 46.90 12.80 34.10 Loamy Fine Sand 4.42 0.87 1.60 8.85 8.12 7.98 9.72
Bw 10–25 729.3 186.9 83.80 22.80 61.00 Sandy Loam 4.62 0.99 1.60 9.07 8.20 8.06 9.43
Bw1 25–55 549.7 335.3 115.0 31.30 83.70 Sandy Loam 11.1 1.14 1.61 9.07 8.11 7.75 9.80
Bw2 55–80 663.6 228.0 108.4 29.50 78.90 Sandy Loam 12.6 1.17 1.61 8.96 8.09 7.65 10.0
HKP02 A 0–15 740.8 182.2 77.00 20.90 56.10 Sandy Loam 11.6 1.12 1.59 9.10 8.15 7.85 9.88
Bw1 15–45 468.0 473.8 58.20 15.80 42.40 Sandy Loam 6.68 1.22 1.61 8.35 8.32 8.16 9.95
Bw2 45–70 666.8 296.6 36.60 10.00 26.60 Sandy Loam 25.9 1.31 1.62 8.13 8.07 7.66 9.87
C 70+ 689.6 275.5 34.90 9.500 25.40 Sandy Loam 17.2 1.13 1.62 7.93 7.98 7.66 9.92
HRP03 A 0–10 800.0 50.00 150.0 40.50 109.5 Sandy Loam 14.8 7.67 1.49 8.77 7.88 7.72 9.46
AB 10–40 787.5 61.20 151.3 40.85 110.5 Sandy Loam 8.43 4.13 1.45 8.91 7.96 7.77 9.14
Bw 40–65 859.1 28.20 112.7 30.43 82.27 Loamy Sand 6.99 3.72 1.53 8.60 8.00 7.64 9.67
Bw2 65–115 775.0 37.50 187.5 50.63 136.9 Sandy Loam 6.32 3.85 1.54 8.56 8.05 7.59 9.97
C 115–130 887.5 12.50 100.0 27.00 73.00 Loamy Sand 10.2 4.69 1.54 8.65 8.15 7.89 9.85
HRP04 A 0–20 500.0 242.5 257.5 69.53 188.0 Sandy Clay Loam 10.5 4.79 1.53 8.31 8.11 7.95 9.69
Bw 20–66 337.5 437.5 225.0 60.75 164.3 Loam 6.97 4.03 1.54 8.36 8.12 7.93 9.30
C 66–95 290.0 447.5 262.5 70.88 191.6 Loam 12.1 5.68 1.54 8.53 8.15 7.77 9.82
HKuP05 A 0–23 433.1 301.8 265.1 87.10 178.0 Loam 16.2 7.41 1.58 8.46 8.14 7.75 9.91
Bw1 23–45 700.7 228.3 71.00 17.90 53.00 Sandy Loam 10.2 3.91 1.62 7.84 7.97 7.71 10.0
Bw2 45–60 756.8 195.0 48.20 12.60 35.60 Loamy Fine Sand 7.84 3.04 1.62 7.99 8.00 7.82 9.80
C 60+ 737.7 212.6 49.70 12.30 37.40 Sandy Loam 8.55 3.22 1.62 8.02 8.00 7.80 9.95
HKuP06 A 0–5 809.1 134.1 56.80 16.90 39.80 Loamy Fine Sand 6.22 2.97 1.58 8.30 7.7 7.83 9.47
Bw1 5–20 663.1 256.3 80.50 22.10 58.50 Sandy Loam 11.2 4.32 1.61 8.79 8.04 7.72 10.0
Bw2 20–50 632.8 304.8 62.40 15.70 46.70 Sandy Loam 11.5 4.21 1.61 8.74 8.01 7.62 10.1
C1 50–62 543.1 369.9 87.00 22.60 64.40 Sandy Loam 13.3 4.65 1.61 8.80 8.07 7.62 10.3
C2 62+ 352.8 486.3 160.9 36.40 124.4 Loam 17.6 5.43 1.61 8.77 8.14 7.62 10.3
HKhP07 A 0–22 350.0 171.2 478.8 129.3 349.5 Clay 14.1 5.68 1.51 8.11 8.00 7.84 9.58
Bw 22–47 450.0 218.8 331.2 89.42 241.8 Clay Loam 14.9 4.80 1.51 8.23 8.05 7.86 9.23
C 47–75 460.0 215.0 325.0 87.75 237.3 Sandy Clay Loam 17.0 4.48 1.44 8.25 8.10 7.72 9.77
C2 75–110 455.0 270.0 275.0 74.25 200.8 Loam 13.7 4.70 1.49 8.19 8.15 7.69 10.1
HKhP08 C 0–25 350.0 150.0 500.0 135.0 365.0 Clay 20.5 12.2 1.54 8.23 7.93 7.77 9.51
ABz 25–45 300.0 300.0 400.0 108.0 292.0 Clay 17.1 8.92 1.53 8.90 7.95 7.76 9.13
Cz 45–70 150.0 350.0 500.0 135.0 365.00 Clay 17.0 8.82 1.53 8.19 8.02 7.64 9.69
2Bwz 70–95 350.0 375.0 275.0 74.25 200.75 Clay Loam 16.2 7.69 1.52 8.24 8.00 7.54 9.92
2Cz 95–120 352.6 300.0 347.4 93.80 253.60 Clay Loam 21.0 12.8 1.52 8.40 8.05 7.79 9.75
2C2 120+ 615.0 110.0 275.0 74.25 200.75 Clay Loam 19.4 9.81 1.54 8.23 8.02 7.74 9.57
HThP09 A 0–15 525.8 354.0 120.3 35.10 85.20 Sandy Loam 13.7 5.10 1.59 8.72 7.99 7.50 10.1
Bw1 15–35 590.8 315.7 93.50 27.20 66.30 Sandy Loam 12.5 4.75 1.61 8.81 8.08 7.51 10.1
Bw2 35–60 535.5 384.3 80.30 23.20 57.10 Sandy Loam 13.4 4.55 1.61 8.92 8.14 7.46 10.1
C1 60–85 535.1 354.2 110.8 35.10 75.60 Sandy Loam 13.5 4.98 1.62 8.99 8.15 7.42 9.97
C2 85+ 500.5 378.4 121.1 35.60 85.50 Loam 14.2 5.06 1.62 9.09 8.14 7.42 10.0
HThP10 A 0–15 523.8 402.2 74.00 17.10 56.90 Sandy Loam 13.6 4.44 1.55 7.85 8.02 7.79 10.3
Bw1 15–35 542.7 362.8 94.60 24.40 70.20 Sandy Loam 13.3 4.75 1.56 8.00 8.00 7.76 10.3
Bw2 35–50 587.0 328.9 84.10 21.40 62.70 Sandy Loam 12.5 4.62 1.58 7.94 7.95 7.72 10.2
HHuP11 A 0–10 680.0 285.0 35.00 9.500 25.50 Sandy Loam 17.2 1.13 1.57 7.93 8.09 7.56 9.87
Bw1 10–38 586.0 364.5 49.50 13.50 36.00 Sandy Loam 18.8 1.50 1.58 8.22 8.22 7.59 9.98
Bw2 38–70 215.5 441.7 342.8 93.20 249.6 Clay Loam 5.83 4.07 1.60 7.38 8.08 7.23 10.1
C 70+ 340.0 2870 373.0 101.5 271.5 Clay Loam 15.6 7.50 1.61 7.43 8.28 7.40 10.1
HHuP12 A 0–20 330.0 350.0 320.0 87.00 233.0 Clay Loam 17.6 6.43 1.53 7.67 8.14 7.55 10.1
Bw1 20–45 320.0 362.0 318.0 86.50 231.5 Clay Loam 18.4 7.02 1.54 7.68 8.13 7.62 9.87
Bw2 45–75 350.0 350.0 300.0 81.60 218.4 Clay Loam 19.5 8.30 1.59 7.89 8.20 7.90 10.2
C 75+ 842.0 80.00 78.00 21.20 56.80 Loamy Fine Sand 18.6 9.33 1.60 8.95 8.41 8.21 10.2
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a

Natural Resources Conservation Services at United State Department of Agriculture.

b

Bulk density using core method.

Table 4.

Additional chemical properties of the selected representative profiles from different harrats of the Arabian Shield.

Profile Horizon Depth cm ΔpH
 Exchangeable cations (cmolc kg⁻1)
 CEC-7a BSb
 BSc
 ECd CCEe
 TOMf
 Gypsum
H2O–CaCl2 H2O–KCl H2O–NaF Na+ K+ Ca2+ Mg2+ cmolc kg⁻1 % dS m−1 g kg−1
HKP01 A 0–10 0.73 0.87 −0.87 3.34 1.51 40.0 3.00 8.25 98.97 521.2 0.22 19.4 7.20 4.40
Bw 10–25 0.87 1.01 −0.36 4.24 1.38 41.0 1.00 10.16 95.18 413.4 0.16 25.3 6.18 1.10
Bw1 25–55 0.96 1.32 −0.73 0.22 0.63 32.0 23.0 19.57 99.11 281.0 0.15 25.4 5.48 19.2
Bw2 55–80 0.87 1.31 −1.07 0.23 0.65 24.0 34.0 32.07 99.16 180.9 0.17 40.7 5.45 1.60
HKP02 A 0–15 0.95 1.25 −0.78 0.18 0.46 45.0 7.00 16.30 97.59 319.0 0.16 44.2 8.87 1.10
Bw1 15–45 0.03 0.19 −1.60 71.9 1.38 226.0 24.0 23.37 99.75 1069.8 22.8 81.7 5.75 1.10
Bw2 45–70 0.06 0.47 −1.74 21.5 0.91 64.0 63.0 28.80 99.53 441.0 9.68 71.7 3.38 40.5
C 70+ −0.05 0.27 −1.99 38.9 1.27 159.0 23.0 27.72 99.64 656.6 16.3 46.2 5.45 30.7
HRP03 A 0–10 0.89 1.05 −0.69 0.25 1.90 20.5 110.0 8.83 98.45 1477.9 0.77 0.58 2.07 2.80
AB 10–40 0.95 1.14 −0.23 0.30 2.05 27.3 27.0 14.15 97.78 383.8 1.10 2.06 4.14 2.50
Bw 40–65 0.60 0.96 −1.07 0.80 1.15 27.5 105.0 15.17 98.58 873.4 2.75 7.94 0.34 6.30
Bw2 65–115 0.51 0.97 −1.41 1.12 0.45 29.5 65.0 16.78 97.45 563.2 2.65 2.20 0.17 4.20
C 115–130 0.50 0.76 −1.20 1.11 0.43 22.0 58.0 7.23 96.65 1106.5 2.79 0.15 0.34 3.50
HRP04 A 0–20 0.20 0.36 −1.38 3.34 1.51 40.0 3.00 10.02 98.47 429.1 1.50 3.09 0.34 1.60
Bw 20–66 0.24 0.43 −0.94 4.24 1.38 41.0 1.00 9.61 97.58 437.0 1.50 9.21 0.17 1.20
C 66–95 0.38 0.76 −1.29 0.22 0.63 32.0 23.0 12.22 95.63 450.1 1.60 14.3 0.17 1.40
HKuP05 A 0–23 0.32 0.71 −1.45 3.69 1.98 30.0 20.0 17.39 99.11 287.5 0.89 16.7 9.66 19.4
Bw1 23–45 −0.13 0.13 −2.19 8.23 1.74 36.0 77.0 23.37 99.19 483.5 7.79 49.2 4.14 0.60
Bw2 45–60 −0.01 0.17 −1.81 7.98 1.38 31.0 28.0 13.59 98.99 434.1 6.01 15.2 4.83 6.50
C 60+ 0.02 0.22 −1.93 7.98 1.27 39.0 31.0 14.13 99.00 495.4 5.54 24.2 6.21 3.10
HKuP06 A 0–5 0.60 0.47 −1.17 2.79 1.27 28.0 152.0 6.52 99.51 2760.7 0.33 9.43 9.66 20.0
Bw1 5–20 0.75 1.07 −1.25 2.62 1.51 38.0 27.0 16.85 98.57 385.8 0.19 36.3 5.17 9.80
Bw2 20–50 0.73 1.12 −1.37 2.45 1.51 35.0 27.0 21.74 98.07 285.2 0.18 48.5 4.83 39.2
C1 50–62 0.73 1.18 −1.48 2.97 1.38 25.0 36.0 8.64 98.49 706.0 0.20 87.9 5.52 41.3
C2 62+ 0.63 1.15 −1.56 3.52 1.27 21.0 46.0 26.63 98.76 251.6 0.22 100.3 4.83 40.4
HKhP07 A 0–22 0.30 0.46 −1.28 1.92 1.51 25.0 23.0 12.22 97.52 392.8 16.5 2.50 0.86 10.7
Bw 22–47 0.95 1.14 −0.23 2.45 0.19 35.0 16.0 12.69 96.35 401.9 14.8 2.40 0.86 12.8
C 47–75 0.17 0.55 −1.50 2.97 1.38 27.0 54.0 12.22 97.66 662.9 14.8 1.90 5.17 13.8
C2 75–110 0.24 0.70 −1.68 2.62 1.27 29.0 72.0 13.70 96.48 737.2 17.0 2.78 1.72 8.80
HKhP08 C 0–25 0.35 0.61 −1.35 3.34 1.51 40.0 3.00 11.33 95.35 379.5 30.0 3.40 0.17 12.0
ABz 25–45 0.21 0.49 −1.34 4.24 1.38 41.0 1.00 14.15 97.85 296.8 70.5 4.54 0.34 31.6
Cz 45–70 0.38 0.54 −1.20 0.22 0.63 32.0 23.0 14.65 98.52 375.4 82.0 6.32 0.52 46.2
2Bwz 70–95 −0.22 −0.03 −1.40 0.23 0.65 24.0 34.0 14.15 97.43 409.9 78.1 11.2 0.69 35.5
2Cz 95–120 −0.47 −0.09 −2.14 0.18 0.46 45.0 7.00 15.17 96.52 342.8 66.7 7.64 0.69 30.6
2C2 120+ −1.10 −0.64 −3.02 0.15 0.42 38.0 5.00 15.17 97.55 283.5 71.4 6.90 0.17 33.3
HThP09 A 0–15 0.73 1.22 −1.41 0.27 1.92 23.0 117.0 31.52 97.00 444.2 0.26 55.7 9.31 25.2
Bw1 15–35 0.73 1.30 −1.30 0.35 2.15 29.0 33.0 34.24 98.47 181.1 0.24 48.6 5.17 55.4
Bw2 35–60 0.78 1.46 −1.15 0.82 1.21 29.0 117.0 33.70 99.53 433.2 0.23 48.9 4.48 100.0
C1 60–85 0.84 1.57 −0.98 1.16 0.50 31.0 75.0 32.61 98.90 325.1 0.20 26.7 3.45 127.5
C2 85+ 0.95 1.67 −0.92 1.17 0.49 24.0 68.0 35.33 98.74 260.4 0.21 3.32 2.76 0.50
HThP10 A 0–15 −0.17 0.06 −2.44 43.2 2.34 59.0 39.0 14.13 99.45 693.6 15.3 27.2 15.5 32.0
Bw1 15–35 0.00 0.24 −2.32 4.32 0.57 31.0 98.0 10.87 99.33 1186.8 8.36 26.0 13.1 21.8
Bw2 35–50 −0.01 0.22 −2.27 2.36 0.73 21.0 53.0 12.50 98.72 592.0 8.76 26.6 10.7 41.7
HHuP11 A 0–10 −0.16 0.37 −1.94 38.9 1.27 159.0 23.0 27.72 99.64 656.6 16.3 46.2 5.25 30.7
Bw1 10–38 0.00 0.63 −1.76 14.7 0.78 34.0 45.0 34.24 98.23 230.7 5.44 83.9 5.32 41.4
Bw2 38–70 −0.70 0.15 −2.72 3.34 1.51 40.0 3.00 10.43 98.97 412.3 129.0 4.41 2.00 19.2
C 70+ −0.85 0.03 −2.71 4.24 1.38 41.0 1.00 11.33 95.18 370.7 115.0 5.15 1.14 17.6
HHuP12 A 0–20 −0.47 0.12 −2.45 0.22 0.63 32.0 23.0 10.87 99.11 506.0 95.5 3.82 0.48 16.0
Bw1 20–45 −0.45 0.06 −2.19 0.23 0.65 24.0 34.0 10.87 99.16 533.6 108.0 4.41 1.14 17.5
Bw2 45–75 −0.31 −0.01 −2.33 0.18 0.46 45.0 7.00 11.33 97.59 459.0 100.0 7.64 2.34 15.0
C 75+ 0.54 0.74 −1.20 71.9 1.38 226.0 24.0 6.00 99.75 4166.7 1.10 1.18 1.38 1.40
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BS = base saturation

a

Cation exchange capacity by ammonium acetate at pH 7.

b

By sum of cations.

c

As (Ca + Mg/CEC)*100.

d

Electrical conductivity.

e

Calcium carbonate equivalent.

f

Total organic matter calculated using the equation TOM = 1.724*TOC.

Table 5.

Selective dissolutions analysis and P-retention in the selected representative profiles from different harrats of the Arabian Shield.

Profile Horizon Depth
Cm 		Alp
 Fep
 Sip
 Ald
 Fed
 Alo
 Feo
 Sio
 P-retention
g kg⁻1 %
HKP01 A 0–10 0.02 BDL 0.03 2.76 48.5 2.09 25.96 4.41 44.82
Bw 10–25 0.04 0.01 0.07 2.99 49.76 2.42 23.23 4.37 44.62
Bw1 25–55 0.03 BDL 0.05 2.97 49.19 2.71 22.56 4.51 45.22
Bw2 55–80 0.02 BDL 0.03 3.80 52.78 3.46 11.34 4.26 45.32
HKP02 A 0–15 0.05 0.01 0.10 2.55 48.68 3.13 33.06 5.38 41.02
Bw1 15–45 0.02 0.00 0.07 1.60 40.76 2.99 5.6 8.45 44.12
Bw2 45–70 0.03 0.02 0.15 1.18 40.92 2.88 4.79 9.96 44.02
C 70+ 0.02 BDL 0.05 1.28 50.65 3.11 7.51 10.42 43.22
HRP03 A 0–10 0.04 0.01 0.09 1.33 39.93 2.91 5.27 8.23 43.90
AB 10–40 0.05 0.05 0.17 0.91 40.09 2.80 4.46 9.74 43.80
Bw 40–65 0.04 BDL 0.07 1.01 49.82 3.03 7.18 10.20 43.00
Bw2 65–115 0.09 0.12 0.52 1.01 45.37 1.98 4.20 9.00 44.50
C 115–130 0.05 BDL 0.06 2.45 47.63 1.95 25.59 4.13 44.52
HRP04 A 0–20 0.07 0.01 0.10 2.68 48.89 2.28 22.86 4.09 44.32
Bw 20–66 0.06 BDL 0.08 2.66 48.32 2.57 22.19 4.23 44.92
C 66–95 0.05 BDL 0.06 3.49 51.91 3.32 10.97 3.98 45.02
HKuP05 A 0–23 0.03 BDL 0.05 5.04 51.94 3.56 13.64 3.46 42.70
Bw1 23–45 0.01 BDL 0.02 4.88 53.56 4.50 5.41 3.35 39.30
Bw2 45–60 0.04 0.01 0.09 4.76 45.49 3.04 4.97 2.35 43.00
C 60+ 0.14 0.07 0.37 3.92 52.19 3.40 5.38 2.83 42.60
HKuP06 A 0–5 0.01 BDL 0.01 3.77 50.35 2.25 18.37 2.80 41.40
Bw1 5–20 0.03 BDL 0.06 3.52 45.64 2.30 7.02 2.62 42.40
Bw2 20–50 0.01 BDL 0.02 3.38 41.84 2.40 2.32 2.82 42.90
C1 50–62 0.01 BDL 0.02 2.63 28.59 1.75 1.11 1.73 39.00
C2 62+ 0.01 BDL 0.02 2.52 26.93 1.15 0.25 0.85 43.40
HKhP07 A 0–22 0.03 BDL 0.04 2.51 47.70 1.99 25.76 4.29 44.67
Bw 22–47 0.05 0.02 0.08 2.74 48.96 2.32 23.03 4.25 44.47
C 47–75 0.04 BDL 0.06 2.72 48.39 2.61 22.36 4.39 45.07
C2 75–110 0.03 BDL 0.04 3.55 51.98 3.36 11.14 4.14 45.17
HKhP08 C 0–25 0.06 0.03 0.11 2.30 47.88 3.03 32.86 5.26 40.87
ABz 25–45 0.03 0.01 0.08 1.35 39.96 2.89 5.40 8.33 43.97
Cz 45–70 0.04 0.03 0.16 0.93 40.12 2.78 4.59 9.84 43.87
2Bwz 70–95 0.03 BDL 0.06 1.03 49.85 3.01 7.31 10.30 43.07
2Cz 95–120 0.08 0.11 0.51 1.03 45.40 1.96 4.33 9.10 44.57
2C2 120+ 0.04 BDL 0.05 2.49 47.67 2.01 25.63 4.19 44.60
HThP09 A 0–15 0.03 BDL 0.06 4.91 48.40 4.62 8.70 5.65 42.90
Bw1 15–35 0.02 BDL 0.05 5.00 55.27 4.62 11.99 5.51 45.60
Bw2 35–60 0.01 BDL 0.01 5.64 60.08 4.31 11.52 5.26 44.30
C1 60–85 0.01 BDL 0.01 5.97 59.62 4.33 8.88 4.42 44.50
C2 85+ 0.01 BDL 0.01 6.07 50.44 4.16 9.74 4.72 41.80
HThP10 A 0–15 0.00 BDL 0.01 3.48 39.35 3.80 22.66 6.57 45.30
Bw1 15–35 0.01 BDL 0.01 3.27 40.09 3.90 27.76 7.40 46.10
Bw2 35–50 0.02 BDL 0.02 2.89 37.02 3.07 25.55 6.64 43.00
HHuP11 A 0–10 0.03 BDL 0.06 1.26 50.62 3.13 7.38 10.32 43.15
Bw1 10–38 0.08 0.10 0.51 1.26 46.17 2.08 4.40 9.12 44.65
Bw2 38–70 0.04 BDL 0.05 2.70 48.43 2.05 25.79 4.25 44.67
C 70+ 0.06 0.01 0.09 2.93 49.69 2.38 23.06 4.21 44.47
HHuP12 A 0–20 0.05 BDL 0.07 2.91 49.12 2.67 22.39 4.35 45.07
Bw1 20–45 0.04 BDL 0.05 3.74 52.71 3.42 11.17 4.10 45.17
Bw2 45–75 0.07 0.01 0.12 2.49 48.61 3.09 32.89 5.22 40.87
C 75+ 0.04 0.00 0.09 1.54 40.69 2.95 5.43 8.29 43.97
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Symbols: p = pyrophosphate extractable; o = oxalate extractable; d = dithionite extractable; BDL = below detectable limit.

Table 6.

Selective dissolution ratios and allophane and ferrihydrite contents for selected representative profiles from different harrats of the Arabian Shield.

Profile Horizon Depth cm (Alo-Alp)/Sio
 Alp/Alo
 Alo/Ald
 Alo+1/2 Feo
 (Fed – Feo) 100/Fed
 Feo/Fed
 APa
 APb
 APc
 FH
Ratio % Ratio %
HKP01 A 0–10 0.47 0.010 0.76 1.51 46.47 0.54 5.13 3.15 2.21 4.41
Bw 10–25 0.54 0.017 0.81 1.40 53.32 0.47 4.38 3.12 2.19 3.95
Bw1 25–55 0.59 0.011 0.91 1.40 54.14 0.46 4.15 3.22 2.26 3.84
Bw2 55–80 0.81 0.006 0.91 0.91 78.51 0.21 2.88 3.04 2.13 1.93
HKP02 A 0–15 0.57 0.016 1.23 1.97 32.09 0.68 5.14 3.84 2.69 5.62
Bw1 15–45 0.35 0.007 1.87 0.58 86.26 0.14 13.14 6.03 4.23 0.95
Bw2 45–70 0.29 0.010 2.44 0.53 88.29 0.12 19.02 7.11 4.98 0.81
C 70+ 0.30 0.006 2.43 0.69 85.17 0.15 19.20 7.44 5.21 1.28
HRP03 A 0–10 0.35 0.014 2.19 0.55 86.80 0.13 12.90 5.88 4.12 0.90
AB 10–40 0.28 0.018 3.08 0.50 88.88 0.11 18.85 6.95 4.87 0.76
Bw 40–65 0.29 0.013 3.00 0.66 85.59 0.14 19.01 7.28 5.10 1.22
Bw2 65–115 0.21 0.045 1.96 0.41 90.74 0.09 23.42 6.43 4.50 0.71
C 115–130 0.46 0.026 0.80 1.47 46.27 0.54 4.91 2.95 2.07 4.35
HRP04 A 0–20 0.54 0.031 0.85 1.37 53.24 0.47 4.14 2.92 2.05 3.89
Bw 20–66 0.59 0.023 0.97 1.37 54.08 0.46 3.90 3.02 2.12 3.77
C 66–95 0.82 0.015 0.95 0.88 78.87 0.21 2.65 2.84 1.99 1.86
HKuP05 A 0–23 1.02 0.008 0.71 1.04 73.74 0.26 1.85 2.47 1.73 2.32
Bw1 23–45 1.34 0.002 0.92 0.72 89.90 0.10 1.37 2.39 1.68 0.92
Bw2 45–60 1.28 0.013 0.64 0.55 89.07 0.11 1.01 1.68 1.18 0.84
C 60+ 1.15 0.041 0.87 0.61 89.69 0.10 1.34 2.02 1.42 0.91
HKuP06 A 0–5 0.80 0.004 0.60 1.14 63.52 0.36 1.91 2.00 1.40 3.12
Bw1 5–20 0.87 0.013 0.65 0.58 84.62 0.15 1.65 1.87 1.31 1.19
Bw2 20–50 0.85 0.004 0.71 0.36 94.46 0.06 1.82 2.01 1.41 0.39
C1 50–62 1.01 0.006 0.67 0.23 96.12 0.04 0.94 1.24 0.87 0.19
C2 62+ 1.34 0.009 0.46 0.13 99.07 0.01 0.35 0.61 0.43 0.04
HKhP07 A 0–22 0.46 0.015 0.79 1.49 46.00 0.54 5.13 3.06 2.15 4.38
Bw 22–47 0.53 0.022 0.85 1.38 52.96 0.47 4.35 3.03 2.13 3.92
C 47–75 0.59 0.015 0.96 1.38 53.79 0.46 4.10 3.13 2.20 3.80
C2 75–110 0.80 0.009 0.95 0.89 78.57 0.21 2.81 2.96 2.07 1.89
HKhP08 C 0–25 0.56 0.020 1.32 1.95 31.37 0.69 5.09 3.76 2.63 5.59
ABz 25–45 0.34 0.010 2.14 0.56 86.49 0.14 13.26 5.95 4.17 0.92
Cz 45–70 0.28 0.014 2.99 0.51 88.56 0.11 19.31 7.03 4.92 0.78
2Bwz 70–95 0.29 0.010 2.92 0.67 85.34 0.15 19.45 7.35 5.15 1.24
2Cz 95–120 0.21 0.041 1.90 0.41 90.46 0.10 24.07 6.50 4.55 0.74
2C2 120+ 0.47 0.020 0.81 1.48 46.23 0.54 4.87 2.99 2.10 4.36
HThP09 A 0–15 0.81 0.006 0.94 0.90 82.02 0.18 3.80 4.03 2.83 1.48
Bw1 15–35 0.83 0.004 0.92 1.06 78.31 0.22 3.61 3.93 2.76 2.04
Bw2 35–60 0.82 0.002 0.76 1.01 80.83 0.19 3.52 3.76 2.63 1.96
C1 60–85 0.98 0.002 0.73 0.88 85.11 0.15 2.47 3.16 2.21 1.51
C2 85+ 0.88 0.002 0.69 0.90 80.69 0.19 2.93 3.37 2.36 1.66
HThP10 A 0–15 0.58 0.000 1.09 1.51 42.41 0.58 6.21 4.69 3.29 3.85
Bw1 15–35 0.53 0.003 1.19 1.78 30.76 0.69 7.69 5.28 3.70 4.72
Bw2 35–50 0.46 0.007 1.06 1.58 30.98 0.69 7.90 4.74 3.32 4.34
HHuP11 A 0–10 0.30 0.010 2.48 0.68 85.42 0.15 18.77 7.37 5.16 1.25
Bw1 10–38 0.22 0.038 1.65 0.43 90.47 0.10 22.73 6.51 4.56 0.75
Bw2 38–70 0.47 0.020 0.76 1.49 46.75 0.53 4.91 3.03 2.13 4.38
C 70+ 0.55 0.025 0.81 1.39 53.59 0.46 4.17 3.01 2.11 3.92
HHuP12 A 0–20 0.60 0.019 0.92 1.39 54.42 0.46 3.95 3.11 2.18 3.81
Bw1 20–45 0.82 0.012 0.91 0.90 78.81 0.21 2.72 2.93 2.05 1.90
Bw2 45–75 0.58 0.023 1.24 1.95 32.34 0.68 4.93 3.73 2.61 5.59
C 75+ 0.35 0.014 1.92 0.57 86.66 0.13 12.91 5.92 4.15 0.92
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Symbols: AP = Allophane content.

FH = Ferrihydrite content according to Parfitt and Childs (1988).

a

according to Parfitt and Wilson (1985)

b

according to Parfitt and Henmi (1982)

c

according to Parfitt (1990).

Table 7.

Analyzing the potential andic soil properties for selected representative profiles from different harrats of the Arabian Shield.

Profile Horizon Depth (cm) FAFa
<2 mm
 VGb
 TOCc
 Alo+1/2 Feo
 PRd
 [(% Alo+1/2Feo)*15.625)] +(%VG) Soil classification
% Soil Taxonomye
HKP01 A 0–10 83.24 15.00 0.42 1.51 44.82 38.59 Vitritorrands
Bw 10–25 72.93 17.00 0.36 1.40 44.62 38.88
Bw1 25–55 54.97 17.00 0.32 1.40 45.22 38.88
Bw2 55–80 66.36 22.00 0.32 0.91 45.32 36.22
HKP02 A 0–15 74.08 10.00 0.51 1.97 41.02 40.78 Haplotorrands
Bw1 15–45 46.80 26.00 0.33 0.58 44.12 35.06
Bw2 45–70 66.68 29.00 0.20 0.53 44.02 37.28
C 70+ 68.96 26.00 0.32 0.69 43.22 36.78
HRP03 A 0–10 80.00 28.00 0.12 0.55 43.90 36.59 Vitritorrands
AB 10–40 78.75 30.00 0.24 0.50 43.80 37.81
Bw 40–65 85.91 26.00 0.02 0.66 43.00 36.31
Bw2 65–115 77.50 30.00 0.01 0.41 44.50 36.41
C 115–130 88.75 15.00 0.02 1.47 44.52 37.97
HRP04 A 0–20 50.00 15.00 0.02 1.37 44.32 36.41 Haplotorrands
Bw 20–66 33.75 16.00 0.01 1.37 44.92 37.41
C 66–95 29.00 24.00 0.01 0.88 45.02 37.75
HKuP05 A 0–23 43.31 20.00 0.56 1.04 42.70 36.30 Haplotorrands
Bw1 23–45 70.07 27.00 0.24 0.72 39.30 38.30
Bw2 45–60 75.68 30.00 0.28 0.55 43.00 38.60
C 60+ 73.77 28.00 0.36 0.61 42.60 37.50
HKuP06 A 0–5 80.91 20.00 0.56 1.14 41.40 37.80 Haplotorrands
Bw1 5–20 66.31 28.00 0.30 0.58 42.40 37.06
Bw2 20–50 63.28 35.00 0.28 0.36 42.90 40.60
C1 50–62 54.31 40.00 0.32 0.23 39.00 43.60
C2 62+ 35.28 35.00 0.28 0.13 43.40 37.00
HKhP07 A 0–22 35.00 12.00 0.05 1.49 44.67 35.28 Haplotorrands
Bw 22–47 45.00 15.00 0.05 1.38 44.47 36.56
C 47–75 46.00 18.00 0.30 1.38 45.07 39.56
C2 75–110 45.50 24.00 0.10 0.89 45.17 37.91
HKhP08 C 0–25 35.00 10.00 0.01 1.95 40.87 40.47 Haplotorrands
ABz 25–45 30.00 28.00 0.02 0.56 43.97 36.75
Cz 45–70 15.00 29.00 0.03 0.51 43.87 36.97
2Bwz 70–95 35.00 27.00 0.04 0.67 43.07 37.47
2Cz 95–120 35.26 30.00 0.04 0.41 44.57 36.41
2C2 120+ 61.50 13.00 0.01 1.48 44.60 36.13
HThP09 A 0–15 52.58 25.00 0.54 0.90 42.90 39.10 Haplotorrands
Bw1 15–35 59.08 22.00 0.30 1.06 45.60 38.60
Bw2 35–60 53.55 22.00 0.26 1.01 44.30 37.80
C1 60–85 53.51 25.00 0.20 0.88 44.50 38.80
C2 85+ 50.05 23.00 0.16 0.90 41.80 37.10
HThP10 A 0–15 52.38 20.00 0.90 1.51 45.30 43.60 Vitritorrands
Bw1 15–35 54.27 15.00 0.76 1.78 46.10 42.80
Bw2 35–50 58.70 20.00 0.62 1.59 43.00 44.80
HHuP11 A 0–10 68.00 26.00 0.30 0.68 43.15 36.63 Haplotorrands
Bw1 10–38 58.60 30.00 0.31 0.43 44.65 36.72
Bw2 38–70 21.55 14.00 0.12 1.49 44.67 37.28
C 70+ 34.00 16.00 0.07 1.39 44.47 37.72
HHuP12 A 0–20 33.00 18.00 0.03 1.39 45.07 39.72 Haplotorrands
Bw1 20–45 32.00 23.00 0.07 0.90 45.17 37.06
Bw2 45–75 35.00 7.00 0.14 1.95 40.87 37.47
C 75+ 84.20 28.00 0.08 0.57 43.97 36.91
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a

Fine earth fraction.

b

Volcanic glass.

c

Total organic carbon.

d

Phosphorus retention; 100% of phosphate retention is equivalent to 5 g P kg−1 (air-dried soil).

e

Soil Survey Staff (2014).

2. Experimental design, materials, and methods

The representative soil profiles were selected from six harrats within the Arabian Shield, Saudi Arabia. All profiles were excavated down to the C horizon and fully described in the field using the standard guidelines for soil profile description as outlined by Ref. [1]. Soil bulk density (BD) was determined using the core method [2]. Water retention capacity (at 33 and 1500 kPa) was determined by the pressure plate method [3]. Soils were size fractionated using the pipette method [4] and the percentage of sand, silt and clay fractions were used for soil texture identification using the USDA particle size classification [5]. Soil pH was measured potentiometrically using a pH meter (ORION STAR A211) in H2O, 1 M KCl, 0.01 M CaCl2, and 1 M NaF as outlined by Ref. [5]. The calcimeter method was used to determine the total CaCO3 equivalent [6]. Total organic carbon (TOC) was determined using the Walkley and Black wet digestion method [7]. Cation exchange capacity (CEC) and exchangeable cations were determined with extraction by the 1 M NH4OAc (pH = 7.0) method [8]. Base saturation was calculated from the sum of bases extracted by 1 M NH4OAc according to Ref. [8]. P-retention was determined using the Blakemore method [5] and measured using a spectrophotometer (Palintest 9100 UV-VIS, USA). Selective dissolution analyses were performed with acid ammonium oxalate (AAO), dithionite-citrate bicarbonate (DCB) and Na-pyrophosphate for the extractable Fe, Al, and Si [9], and measured using inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectroscopy (ICP-OES, Optima 4300 DV, PerkinElmer Inc). The allophane content was quantified using the methods of [10]. Ferrihydrite content was quantified according to Ref. [11]. Clay mineralogy was determined using an X-ray diffractometer (MAXima_X XRD-7000, Shimadzu, Japan) and interpreted according to Ref. [12]. The surface morphology of the clay minerals was investigated using scanning electron microscopy (SEM; EFI S50 Inspect, The Netherlands) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM 1011, Joel, Japan) according to Refs. [13,14]. Volcanic glass content was determined by the point count method using a petrographic microscope as described by Ref. [5]. The soils were classified based on their properties as described by Refs. [15,16].

Transparency document

Transparency data associated with this article can be found in the online version.

Acknowledgments

The authors would like to thank the Deanship of Scientific Research (DSR) at King Saud University for funding and supporting this research through the DSR Graduate Students Research Support (GSR) initiative, grant number 434108505, received through the College of Food and Agricultural Sciences Research Center. The authors also gratefully thank Prof. Dilip K. Pal (National Bureau of Soil Survey and Land Use Planning, Division of Soil Resource Studies, Nagpur, India) for helping with clay minerals interpretations.

Footnotes

Appendix A

Supplementary data to this article can be found online at https://10.1016/j.dib.2019.105072.

Contributor Information

Magboul M. Sulieman, Email: 434108505@student.ksu.edu.sa, magboul@uofk.edu.

Abdelazeem Sh Sallam, Email: asallam@ksu.edu.sa.

Abdullah S. Al-farraj, Email: sfarraj@ksu.edu.sa.

Eric C. Brevik, Email: eric.brevik@dickinsonstate.edu.

Conflict of Interest

The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper.

Appendix A. Supplementary data

The following are the Supplementary data to this article:

Multimedia component 1
mmc1.xml (320B, xml)

References

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