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Muscle diameter measurements of rats vaccinated with the nicotine vaccine candidate via the heterologous route. The muscle diameters of both hind legs were measure for each rat before and each day after the intramuscular (IM) vaccination for 3 days. Each value represents the average ± SEM of both legs for all animals in each group. *** p ≤ 0.001 as compared to the pre-vaccination measurement.
