Skip to main content
Canadian Journal of Public Health = Revue Canadienne de Santé Publique logoLink to Canadian Journal of Public Health = Revue Canadienne de Santé Publique
. 2015 Nov 1;106(Suppl 7):eS7–eS13. doi: 10.17269/CJPH.106.4827

Québec Incidence Study on the situations investigated by child protective services: Major findings for 2008 and comparison with 1998

Sonia Hélie 13,, Elizabeth Fast 23, Daniel Turcotte 33, Nico Trocmé 43, Marc Tourigny 53, Barbara Fallon 63
PMCID: PMC6972038  PMID: 26978694

Abstract

Objective

The Québec Incidence Study on situations investigated by child protective services (QIS) has been conducted in 5-year cycles since 1998 in collaboration with all 16 Québec child protection agencies. It provides reliable estimates of the incidence and characteristics of investigated children. The aim of this paper is to discuss major findings from the QIS-2008 and to compare them with the findings from QIS-1998.

Methods

Two representative samples of children who were investigated by child protection services during the same three-month time frame in 1998 (N = 4,771) and in 2008 (N = 3,079) were constituted. Caseworkers were asked to complete the QIS data collection form for each sampled child. Annual estimates of the number of children investigated with different characteristics were computed and compared across both cycles. Statistical tests were performed to identify significant differences.

Results

While the rate of children investigated increased between 1998 and 2008, the rate of substantiated cases remained stable at 12 and 11 per 1,000 children in the population respectively. Furthermore, substantiated cases in 2008 were less severe than in 1998 along several dimensions, such as co-occurrence, emotional harm and duration.

Conclusion

Combined with the stability in the rate of substantiated cases, the decline in the severity of the situations seems encouraging but questions the necessity of a CPS intervention for some of these families. These findings are consistent with the ones reported in other countries, but Québec rates are below the rates estimated for Canada, where substantiated maltreatment almost doubled during the same time frame. Aspects of social policies in Québec may play a role in this situation and need to be examined in future research.

Key words: Child maltreatment, incidence study, epidemiology, child protective services, child welfare La traduction du résumé se trouve à la fin de l’article.

Footnotes

Funding sources: Public Health Agency of Canada, Ministère de la Santé et des Services sociaux du Québec, CIUSSS du Centre-Sud-de-l’lle-de-Montréal, Centre intégré universitaire de santé et de services sociaux de la Capitale-Nationale. These funding agencies played no role other than providing the funds.

Conflict of Interest: None to declare.

References

  • 1.Sedlak AJ, Mettenburg J, Basena M, Petta I, McPherson K, Greene A, et al. Fourth National Incidence Study of Child Abuse and Neglect (NIS-4): Report to Congress, Executive Summary. Washington, DC: Department of Health and Human Services, Administration for Children and Families; 2010. [Google Scholar]
  • 2.Department for Education. Referrals, assessments and children who were the subject of a child protection plan (children in need census-provisional) year ending 31 March 2011. London, UK: Department for Education; 2013. p. 20. [Google Scholar]
  • 3.Australian Institute of HealthWelfare. Child protection Australia 2011-12. Canberra, Australia: AIHW; 2013. [Google Scholar]
  • 4.van Stoltenborgh M, IJzendoorn MH, Euser EM, Bakermans-Kranenburg MJ. A global perspective on child sexual abuse: Meta-analysis of prevalence around the world. Child Maltreat. 2011;16(2):79–101. doi: 10.1177/1077559511403920. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  • 5.Trocmé N, Fallon B, MacLaurin B, Sinha V, Black T, Fast E, et al. Rates of Maltreatment-related Investigations in the CIS-1998, CIS-2003, and CIS-2008. Ottawa, ON: Public Health Agency of Canada; 2010. [Google Scholar]
  • 6.AlEissa MA, Fluke JD, Gerbaka B, Goldbeck L, Gray J, Hunter N, et al. A commentary on national child maltreatment surveillance systems: Examples of progress. Child Abuse Negl. 2009;33(11):809–14. doi: 10.1016/j.chiabu.2009.08.004. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  • 7.Trocmé N, Fallon B, MacLaurin B, Sinha V, Black T, Fast E, et al. Chapter 2: Study Methodology. Ottawa: Public Health Agency of Canada; 2010. [Google Scholar]
  • 8.Youth Protection Act, RSQ c. P.34–1, 2009.
  • 9.Turcotte D, Drapeau S, Hélie S, Turcotte G, Saint-Jacques M-C, Goyette M, et al. Les impacts de la nouvelle Loi sur la protection de la jeunesse: Un premier bilan. Québec, QC: Université Laval; 2011. [Google Scholar]
  • 10.Turcotte D, Helie S. Child protection policy reform in Québec: Its impact on placement and stability in substitute care. Child Welfare. 2012;91(6):125–48. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  • 11.National Assembly of Québec. Bill 125, 2005.
  • 12.MacLaurin B, Trocmé N, Fallon B, Sinha V, Enns R, Feehan R, et al. Saskatchewan Incidence Study of Reported Child Abuse and Neglect 2008 (SIS-2008): Major findings. Calgary, AB: University of Calgary; 2011. [Google Scholar]
  • 13.MacLaurin B, Trocmé N, Fallon B, Sinha V, Feehan R, Enns R, et al. Alberta Incidence Study of Reported Child Abuse and Neglect-2008 (AIS-2008): Major findings. Calgary: University of Calgary; 2013. [Google Scholar]
  • 14.Fallon B, Trocmé N, MacLaurin B, Sinha V, Black T, Felstiner C, et al. Ontario Incidence Study of Reported Child Abuse and Neglect-2008 (OIS-2008) Toronto, ON: Child Welfare Research Portal; 2010. [Google Scholar]
  • 15.Hélie S, Turcotte D, Trocmé N, Tourigny M. Étude d’incidence québécoise sur les situations évaluées en protection de la jeunesse en 2008 (ÉIQ-2008): Rapport final. Montreal, QC: Centre Jeunesse Montreal-Institut Universitaire; 2012. [Google Scholar]
  • 16.ACJQ . Un enfant... des parents au coeur de l’intervention: Bilan des directeurs de la protection de la jeunesse /Directeurs provinciaux. Montréal: Association de centres jeunesse du Québec; 2012. [Google Scholar]
  • 17.Trocmé N, Knoke D, Fallon B, MacLaurin B D b s s m i Canada. Child Maltreat. 2009;14(1):4–16. doi: 10.1177/1077559508318393. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  • 18.Tourigny M, Mayer M, Wright J, Lavergne C, Trocomeì N, Hélie S, et al. Étude sur l’incidence et les caractéristiques des situations d’abus, de négligence, d’abandon et de troubles de comportement sérieux signalées à la direction de la protection de la jeunesse au Québec (ÉIQ) Montréal: Centre de Liaison sur l’Intervention et la Prévention Psychosociales; 2002. [Google Scholar]
  • 19.Hélie S, Gagnon-Lafond K, Morin Y. Analyse des fluctuations saisonnières et du nombre d’enfants réévalués dans la même année au Québec: Rapport inédit déposé à l’Agence de santé publique du Canada. Ottawa: L’Agence de santé publique du Canada; 2015. [Google Scholar]
  • 20.Larner MB, Stevenson CS, Behrman RE. Protecting children form abuse and neglect: Analysis and recommendations. Future Child. 1998;8(1):4–22. doi: 10.2307/1602625. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  • 21.Waldfogel J. Rethinking the paradigm for child protection. Future Child. 1998;8(1):104–19. doi: 10.2307/1602631. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  • 22.Besharov DJ, Lowry MR, Pelton L W MW. How we can better protect children from abuse and neglect. Future Child. 1998;8(1):120–32. doi: 10.2307/1602632. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  • 23.Trocmé N, Fallon B, MacLaurin B, Chamberland C, Chabot M, Esposito T. Shifting definitions of emotional maltreatment: An analysis child welfare investigation laws and practices in Canada. Child Abuse Negl. 2011;35:831–40. doi: 10.1016/j.chiabu.2011.05.015. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  • 24.Minstère de la Santé et des Services Sociaux. Les services intégrés en périnatalité et pour la petite enfance à l’intention des familles vivant en contexte de vulnérabilité: Cadre de référence. Québec: Minstère de la Santé et des Services Sociaux; 2004. [Google Scholar]
  • 25.National Child AbuseNeglect Data System. Child Maltreatment 2012. Washington: Department of Health and Human Services; 2012. [Google Scholar]
  • 26.Fallon B, Trocmeì N, Van Fluke J, Wert M, MacLaurin B, Sinha V, et al. Responding to child maltreatment in Canada: Context for international comparisons. Adv Mental Health. 2012;11(1):76–86. doi: 10.5172/jamh.2012.11.1.76. [DOI] [Google Scholar]
  • 27.Tourigny M, Lavergne C. Incidence de l’abus et la négligence envers les enfants: Recension des écrits. Criminologie. 2000;33(1):47–72. doi: 10.7202/004730ar. [DOI] [Google Scholar]
  • 28.Fallon B, Trocmé N, MacLaurin B, Sinha V, Hélie S. Contextualizing provincial comparisons in the CIS-2008. Manuscript in preparation. 2015. [Google Scholar]

Articles from Canadian Journal of Public Health = Revue Canadienne de Santé Publique are provided here courtesy of Springer

RESOURCES