Review of child maltreatment in immigrant and refugee families

Annie LeBrun; Ghayda Hassan; Mylène Boivin; Sarah-Louise Fraser; Sarah Dufour; Chantal Lavergne

doi:10.17269/CJPH.106.4838

. 2015 Nov 1;106(Suppl 7):eS45–eS56. doi: 10.17269/CJPH.106.4838

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Review of child maltreatment in immigrant and refugee families

Annie LeBrun ^14,^✉, Ghayda Hassan ¹⁴, Mylène Boivin ¹⁴, Sarah-Louise Fraser ²⁴, Sarah Dufour ²⁴, Chantal Lavergne ³⁴

PMCID: PMC6972055 PMID: 26978697

Abstract

Objectives

Study results on child maltreatment based on general population samples cannot be extrapolated with confidence to vulnerable immigrant or refugee families because of the specific characteristics and needs of these families. The aims of this paper are 1) to conduct an evidence review of the prevalence, risk factors and protective factors for child maltreatment in immigrant and refugee populations, and 2) to integrate the evidence in an analytical ecosystemic framework that would guide future research.

Methods

We used a 14-step process based on guidelines from Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses and the Canadian Collaboration for Immigrant and Refugee Health. We searched major databases from “the oldest date available to July 2014”. The eligibility criteria for paper selection included qualitative or quantitative methodologies; papers written in English or French; papers that describe, assess or review prevalence, risk and protection factors for child maltreatment; and a studied population of immigrants or refugees.

Synthesis

Twenty-four articles met the criteria for eligibility. The results do not provide evidence that immigrant or refugee children are at higher risk of child maltreatment. However, recently settled immigrants and refugees experience specific risk factors related to their immigration status and to the challenges of settlement in a new country, which may result in high risk of maltreatment.

Conclusion

Future research must incorporate more immigrant and refugee samples as well as examine, within an ecosystemic framework, the interaction between migratory and cultural factors with regard to the prevalence, consequences and treatment of child maltreatment for the targeted groups.

Electronic Supplementary Material

Supplementary material is available for this article at 10.17269/CJPH.106.4838 and is accessible for authorized users.

Key Words: Review, child maltreatment, immigrants, refugees, risk factors, ecosystemic model

Fr

Résumé

Objectifs

Les résultats des études portant sur la maltraitance des enfants issus du groupe majoritaire ne peuvent être extrapolés systématiquement aux familles immigrantes et réfugiées, étant donné les caractéristiques et besoins spécifiques de ces populations. Les buts de cet article sont: 1) de réaliser une recension systématique des écrits sur la prévalence et les facteurs de risque et de protection en ce qui a trait à la maltraitance des enfants issus de familles immigrantes et réfugiées, et 2) d’intégrer les résultats dans un modèle écosystémique qui pourra guider les recherches futures.

Méthode

Un processus en quatorze étapes, inspiré des principes Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) ainsi que de la Collaboration canadienne pour la santé des immigrants et des réfugiés (CCIHR), a guidé le processus de revue de littérature. Les principales bases de données ont été consultées « de la date la plus ancienne jusqu’en juillet 2014 ». Les critères de sélection des articles incluaient: avoir une méthodologie qualitative ou quantitative, être écrit en français ou anglais ainsi que décrire, évaluer ou réviser la prévalence et les facteurs de risque et de protection pour les mauvais traitements chez les familles immigrantes et/ou réfugiées.

Synthèse

Les résultats des 24 articles rencontrant les critères d’éligibilité suggèrent que les enfants immigrants ou réfugiés ne sont pas plus à risque de maltraitance. Toutefois, les immigrants récents et les réfugiés font face à des facteurs de risque spécifiques étant donné leur statut au pays d’accueil et les défis propres à l’intégration dans un nouveau pays.

Conclusion

Les recherches futures doivent inclure davantage de participants immigrants et réfugiés dans leurs échantillons, ainsi que doivent examiner les interactions entre les facteurs liés à la migration et à la culture en ce qui concerne la prévalence et les conséquences de la maltraitance chez les enfants ainsi que le traitement pour ces populations.

Mots Clés: recension, maltraitance, immigrants, réfugiés, facteurs de risque, modèle écosystémique

Electronic supplementary material

41997_2015_10607045_MOESM1_ESM.pdf^{(790.2KB, pdf)}

Supplementary material, approximately 809 KB.

Footnotes

Conflict of Interests

None to declare.

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Associated Data

This section collects any data citations, data availability statements, or supplementary materials included in this article.

Supplementary Materials

41997_2015_10607045_MOESM1_ESM.pdf^{(790.2KB, pdf)}

Supplementary material, approximately 809 KB.

[CR1] 1.Coluccci E, Hassan G. Prevention of domestic violence against women and children in low-income and middle-income countries. Curr Opin Psychiatry. 2014;27(5):350–57. doi: 10.1097/YCO.0000000000000088. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]

[CR2] 2.CMAJ. 2011.

[CR3] 3.Pottie K, Greenaway C, Feightner J, Welch V, Swinkels H, Rashid M, et al. Evidence-based clinical guidelines for immigrants and refugees. CMAJ. 2011;183(12):E824–E925. doi: 10.1503/cmaj.090313. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]

[CR4] 4.Kirmayer LJ, Narasiah L, Munoz M, Rashid M, Ryder AG, Guzder J, et al. Common mental health problems in immigrants and refugees: General approach in primary care. CMAJ. 2011;183(12):E959–67. doi: 10.1503/cmaj.090292. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]

[CR5] 5.Tugwell P, Pottie K, Welch V, Ueffing E, Chambers A, Feightner J. Evaluation of evidence-based literature and formation of recommendations for the Clinical Preventive Guidelines for Immigrants and Refugees in Canada. CMAJ. 2011;183(12):e933–e938. doi: 10.1503/cmaj.090289. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]

[CR6] 6.AGREE Collaboration. Appraisal of Guidelines for Research & Evaluation (AGREE) Instrument. 2001. [Google Scholar]

[CR7] 7.Boivin M, Hassan G. Ethnic identity and psychological adjustment in transracial adoptees: A review of the literature. Ethn Racial Stud. 2015;38(7):1084–1103. doi: 10.1080/01419870.2014.992922. [DOI] [Google Scholar]

[CR8] 8.CMAJ. 2011.

[CR9] 9.Pottie K, Dahal G, Georgiades C, Premji K, Hassan G. Do first generation immigrant adolescents face higher rates of bullying, violence and suicidal behaviours than do third generation and native born? J Immigr Minor Health. 2015;17(5):1557–66. doi: 10.1007/s10903-014-0108-6. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]

[CR10] 10.Moher D, Liberati A, Tetzlaff J, Altman DG, PRISMA Group Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analyses: The PRISMA statement. PLoS Med. 2009;6:e1000097. doi: 10.1371/journal.pmed.1000097. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]

[CR11] 11.Alink LRA, Euser S, van Ijzendoorn MH, Bakermans-Kranenburg MJ. Is elevated risk of child maltreatment in immigrant families associated with socioeconomic status? Evidence from three sources. Int J Psychol. 2013;48(2):117–27. doi: 10.1080/00207594.2012.734622. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]

[CR12] 12.Altschul I, Lee SJ. Direct and mediated effects of nativity and others indicators of acculturation on Hispanic mothers’ use of physical aggression. Child Maltreat. 2011;16(4):262–74. doi: 10.1177/1077559511421523. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]

[CR13] 13.Bo V S, Bjorkly S. An interactional perspective on the relationship of immigration to intimate partner violence in a representative sample of help-seeking women. J Interpers Violence. 2010;25(10):1815–35. doi: 10.1177/0886260509354511. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]

[CR14] 14.Chang J, Rhee S, Berthold SM. Child abuse and neglect in Cambodian refugee families: Characteristics and implications for practice. Child Welfare. 2008;87(1):141–60. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]

[CR15] 15.Chang J, Rhee S, Weaver D. Characteristics of child abuse in immigrant Korean families and correlates of placement decisions. Child Abuse Negl. 2006;30(8):881–91. doi: 10.1016/j.chiabu.2006.03.002. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]

[CR16] 16.Dettlaff AJ, Earner I. Children of immigrants in the child welfare system: Characteristics, risk, and maltreatment. Fam Soc. 2012;93(4):295–303. doi: 10.1606/1044-3894.4240. [DOI] [Google Scholar]

[CR17] 17.Dettlaff AJ, Earner I, Philipps SD. Latino children of immigrants in the child welfare system: Prevalence, characteristics, and risk. Child Youth Serv Rev. 2009;31(7):775–83. doi: 10.1016/j.childyouth.2009.02.004. [DOI] [Google Scholar]

[CR18] 18.Dettlaff AJ, Johnson MA. Child maltreatment dynamics among immigrant and U.S. born Latino children: Findings from the National Survey of Child and Adolescent Well-being (NSCAW) Child Youth Serv Rev. 2011;33(6):936–44. doi: 10.1016/j.childyouth.2010.12.017. [DOI] [Google Scholar]

[CR19] 19.Euser S, Alink LRA, Pannebakker F, Vogels T, Bakermans-Kranenburg MJ, Van Ijzendoorn MH. The prevalence of child maltreatment in the Netherlands across a 5-year period. Child Abuse Negl. 2013;37(10):841–51. doi: 10.1016/j.chiabu.2013.07.004. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]

[CR20] 20.Euser EM, van Ijzendoorn MH, Prinzie P, Bakermans-Kranenburg MJ. Elevated child maltreatment rates in immigrant families and the role of socioeconomic differences. Child Maltreat. 2011;16(1):63–73. doi: 10.1177/1077559510385842. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]

[CR21] 21.Ima K, Hohm CF. Child maltreatment among Asian and Pacific Islander refugees and immigrants: The San Diego case. J Interpers Violence. 1991;6(3):267–85. doi: 10.1177/088626091006003001. [DOI] [Google Scholar]

[CR22] 22.Johnson-Motoyama M, Dettlaff AJ, Finno M. Parental nativity and the decision to substantiate: Findings from a study of Latino children in the second National Survey of Child and Adolescent Well-being (NSCAW II) Child Youth Serv Rev. 2012;34(11):2229–39. doi: 10.1016/j.childyouth.2012.07.017. [DOI] [Google Scholar]

[CR23] 23.Lau AS, Takeuchi DT, Alegria M. Parent-to-Child aggression among Asian American parents: Culture, context, and vulnerability. J Marriage Fam. 2006;68(5):1261–75. doi: 10.1111/j.1741-3737.2006.00327.x. [DOI] [Google Scholar]

[CR24] 24.Lindell C, Svedin CG. Social services provided for physically abused children in Sweden: Background factors and interventions. Int J Soc Welf. 2004;13(4):340–49. doi: 10.1111/j.1468-2397.2004.00330.x. [DOI] [Google Scholar]

[CR25] 25.Maiter S, Stalker CA, Alaggia R. The experiences of minority immigrant families receiving child welfare services: Seeking to understand how to reduce risk and increase protective factors. Fam Soc. 2009;90(1):28–36. doi: 10.1606/1044-3894.3842. [DOI] [Google Scholar]

[CR26] 26.Osterling KL, Han M. Reunification outcomes among Mexican immigrant families in the child welfare system. Child Youth Serv Rev. 2011;33(9):1658–66. doi: 10.1016/j.childyouth.2011.04.020. [DOI] [Google Scholar]

[CR27] 27.Park MS. The factors of child physical abuse in Korean immigrant families. Child Abuse Negl. 2001;25(7):945–58. doi: 10.1016/S0145-2134(01)00248-4. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]

[CR28] 28.Parrish JW, Young MB, Perham-Hester KA, Gessner BD. Identifying risk factors for child maltreatment in Alaska: A population-based approach. Am J Prev Med. 2011;40(6):666–73. doi: 10.1016/j.amepre.2011.02.022. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]

[CR29] 29.Putnam-Hornstein E, Needell B, King B, Johnson-Motoyama M. Racial and ethnic disparities: A population-based examination of risk factors for involvement with child protective services. Child Abuse Negl. 2013;37(1):33–46. doi: 10.1016/j.chiabu.2012.08.005. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]

[CR30] 30.Putnam-Hornstein E, Needell B. Predictors of child protective service contact between birth and age five: An examination of California’s 2002 birth cohort. Children Youth Serv Rev. 2011;33(11):2400–07. doi: 10.1016/j.childyouth.2011.07.010. [DOI] [Google Scholar]

[CR31] 31.Rhee S, Chang J, Berthold SM, Mar G. Child maltreatment among immigrant Vietnamese families: Characteristics and implications for practice. Child Adolesc Social Work J. 2012;29(2):85–101. doi: 10.1007/s10560-011-0253-x. [DOI] [Google Scholar]

[CR32] 32.Rhee S, Chang J, Weaver D, Wong D. Child maltreatment among immigrant Chinese families: Characteristics and patterns of placement. Child Maltreat. 2008;13(3):269–79. doi: 10.1177/1077559507313461. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]

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Review of child maltreatment in immigrant and refugee families

La maltraitance envers les enfants chez les familles immigrantes et réfugiées: revue systématique de la littérature

Annie LeBrun, BSc

Ghayda Hassan, PhD

Mylène Boivin, PhD

Sarah-Louise Fraser, PhD

Sarah Dufour, PhD

Chantal Lavergne, PhD

Abstract

Objectives

Methods

Synthesis

Conclusion

Electronic Supplementary Material

Fr

Objectifs

Méthode

Synthèse

Conclusion

Electronic supplementary material

Footnotes

References

Associated Data

Supplementary Materials

ACTIONS

PERMALINK

RESOURCES

Cite

Add to Collections

PERMALINK

Review of child maltreatment in immigrant and refugee families

La maltraitance envers les enfants chez les familles immigrantes et réfugiées: revue systématique de la littérature

Annie LeBrun, BSc

Ghayda Hassan, PhD

Mylène Boivin, PhD

Sarah-Louise Fraser, PhD

Sarah Dufour, PhD

Chantal Lavergne, PhD

Abstract

Objectives

Methods

Synthesis

Conclusion

Electronic Supplementary Material

Fr

Objectifs

Méthode

Synthèse

Conclusion

Electronic supplementary material

Footnotes

References

Associated Data

Supplementary Materials

ACTIONS

PERMALINK

RESOURCES

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