Abstract
OBJECTIVES: The role of socio-economic status (SES) in fruit juice and fruit drink consumption is not well understood in a Canadian context. This study examines the relationship between SES and Canadian fruit juice and fruit drink consumption.
METHODS: The Canadian Community Health Survey (2011–2012), a cross-sectional survey that employs multistage cluster sampling, provided relevant data for a sample of 103 125 Canadians, aged 12 and older, living in the 10 provinces. Household income level decile, ranked at the health region level, was used as a surrogate measure of SES. Fruit juice and fruit drink consumption data were collected via self-report in telephone/in-person interviews. Multivariable gamma regression was used to model the relationship between SES and frequency of fruit juice and fruit drink consumption, adjusting for age, sex, diabetes status, daily fruit and vegetable consumption, education level, racial identity and physical activity.
RESULTS: A negative relationship was found, with a decreasing daily rate of fruit juice and fruit drink consumption associated with increasing SES. In the adjusted model, Canadians in the lowest SES category consumed fruit juice and fruit drinks at an average daily rate 1.18 times (95% CI: 1.14–1.23) that of Canadians in the highest SES category.
CONCLUSION: The negative association between health region-adjusted SES and fruit juice and fruit drink consumption highlights the potentially important role of socio-economic factors at a local level. Canadian policy that aims to lower fruit juice and fruit drink consumption, and thus sugar intake, should target financial avenues (such as making fruit juice less financially attractive by lowering the cost of whole fruit and vegetables) in addition to communicating health benefits.
Key Words: Fruit and vegetable juices, socio-economic factors, income
Résumé
OBJECTIFS: Le rôle du statut socioéconomique (SSE) dans la consommation de jus de fruits et de boissons aux fruits dans le contexte canadien est méconnu. Notre étude porte sur la relation entre le SSE et la consommation canadienne de jus de fruits et de boissons aux fruits.
MÉTHODE: L’Enquête sur la santé dans les collectivités canadiennes (2011–2012), une enquête transversale qui emploie un échantillonnage en grappes à plusieurs degrés, a fourni des données pertinentes pour un échantillon de 103 125 Canadiens et Canadiennes de 12 ans et plus vivant dans les 10 provinces du pays. Le décile du revenu du ménage, classé au niveau de la région sanitaire, a servi de mesure auxiliaire du SSE. Les données sur la consommation autoévaluée de jus de fruits et de boissons aux fruits ont été recueillies au moyen d’entretiens en téléphone ou en personne. La régression gamma multivariée a permis de modéliser la relation entre le SSE et la fréquence de consommation de jus de fruits et de boissons aux fruits corrigée selon l’âge, le sexe, le statut à l’égard du diabète, la consommation quotidienne de fruits et de légumes, le niveau d’instruction, l’identité raciale et l’activité physique.
RÉSULTATS: Nous avons trouvé une relation négative: un taux décroissant de consommation quotidienne de jus de fruits et de boissons aux fruits était associé à la croissance du SSE. Selon le modèle corrigé, les Canadiens de la plus faible catégorie de SSE consommaient des jus de fruits et des boissons aux fruits à un taux moyen quotidien 1,18 fois supérieur (IC de 95 %: 1,14–1,23) à celui des Canadiens de la catégorie de SSE la plus élevée.
CONCLUSION: L’association négative entre le SSE corrigé selon la région sanitaire et la consommation de jus de fruits et de boissons aux fruits fait ressortir le rôle potentiellement important des facteurs socioéconomiques à l’échelon local. Les politiques canadiennes qui visent à réduire la consommation de jus de fruits et de boissons aux fruits, et donc l’apport en sucre, devraient envisager des mesures financières (comme de rendre les jus de fruits moins intéressants financièrement en réduisant le coût des fruits et légumes entiers) en plus de faire connaître les avantages pour la santé.
Mots Clés: jus de fruits et de légumes, facteurs socioéconomiques, revenu
Footnotes
Conflict of Interest: None to declare.
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