Abstract
Objectives
Tobacco smoking, excess weight and physical inactivity contribute substantially to the preventable disease burden in Canada. The purpose of this paper is to determine the potential reduction in economic burden if all provinces achieved prevalence rates of these three risk factors (RFs) equivalent to those of the province with the lowest rates, and to update and address a limitation noted in our previous model.
Methods
We used a previously developed approach based on population attributable fractions to estimate the economic burden associated with these RFs. Sex-specific relative risk and age-/sex-specific prevalence data were used in the modelling. The previous model was updated using the most current data for developing resource allocation weights.
Results
In 2012, the prevalence of tobacco smoking, excess weight and physical inactivity was the lowest in British Columbia. If age- and sex-specific prevalence rates from BC were applied to populations living in the other provinces, the annual economic burden attributable to these three RFs would be reduced by $5.3 billion. Updating the model resulted in a considerable shift in economic burden from smoking to excess weight, with the estimated annual economic burden attributable to excess weight now 25% higher compared to that of tobacco smoking ($23.3 vs. $18.7 billion).
Conclusion
Achieving RF prevalence rates equivalent to those of the province with the lowest rates would result in a 10% reduction in economic burden attributable to excess weight, smoking and physical inactivity in Canada. This study shows that using current resource use data is important for this type of economic modelling.
Key words: Economic burden of disease, populations at risk, risk factors, obesity, overweight, smoking
Résumé
Objectifs
La cigarette, la surcharge pondérale et l’inactivité physique contribuent sensiblement au fardeau des maladies pouvant être prévenues au Canada. L’objectif du présent document est de déterminer la réduction possible du fardeau économique si toutes les provinces atteignaient un taux de prévalence de ces trois facteurs de risque (FR) équivalent à celui de la province ayant le taux le plus bas, et de mettre à jour et de traiter une limite soulignée dans notre précédent modèle.
Méthodes
Nous avons eu recours à une démarche déjà élaborée fondée sur les fractions attribuables de la population pour estimer le fardeau économique lié à ces FR. Les données sur le risque relatif propre à l’âge et sur la prévalence propre à l’âge et au sexe ont servi à monter le modèle. Le modèle antérieur a été mis à jour au moyen des données les plus courantes pour déterminer le poids de l’allocation des ressources.
Résultats
En 2012, c’est en Colombie-Britannique que la prévalence de la cigarette, de la surcharge pondérale et de l’inactivité physique était la plus faible. Si le taux de prévalence propre à l’âge et au sexe de la C.-B. était appliqué aux populations qui vivent dans les autres provinces, le fardeau économique annuel attribuable à ces trois FR serait réduit de 5,3 milliards $. La mise à jour du modèle a suscité un glissement considérable du fardeau économique de la cigarette à la surcharge pondérale avec le fardeau économique estimé attribuable à la surcharge pondérale maintenant de 25 % supérieur à celui de la cigarette (23,3 milliards $ c. 18,7 milliards $).
Conclusion
L’atteinte des taux de prévalence des FR équivalents à ceux de la province ayant les taux les plus bas entraîne une réduction de 10 % du fardeau économique attribuable à la surcharge pondérale, à la cigarette et à l’inactivité physique au Canada. Cette étude montre que le recours aux données sur l’utilisation actuelle des ressources est important pour ce genre de modèle économique.
Mots Clés: fardeau économique de la maladie, populations à risque, facteurs de risque, obésité, surcharge pondérale, cigarette
Footnotes
Conflict of Interest: None to declare.
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